A 39-GHz CMOS Bi-Directional Doherty Phased-Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD with Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base-Station

Li, Zheng; Pang, Jian; Zhang, Yi; Yamazaki, Yudai; Wang, Qiaoyu; Luo, Peng; Chen, Weichu; Liao, Yijing; Tang, Minzhe; Guo, Zhongling; Wang, Yun; Fu, Xi; You, Dongwon; Oshima, Naoki; Hori, Shingo; Kunihiro, Kazuaki; Shirane, Atsushi; Okada, Kei

doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830274

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The DPD model used in this work is based on an assumption about a univocal relationship between polynomial coefficients and harmonic amplitudes that underlines this work holds only for PAs that may be approximate as being memory-less [27,28], which are becoming common. Besides, analog pre-distortion techniques can complement the proposed DPD for dealing with memory-effects if needed [29]. Since the neural network in the proposed NN-DPD is only used for setting the coefficients of the DPD polynomials, all of the feedback path can be shared between the branches of the BF-TRX.…”

Section: Beamforming Transceiver Using Neural Network Dpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural network-based DPD coefficient determination for PA linearization in 5G and beyond-5G mmWave systems

Narayanan,

Minati,

Hagihara

et al. 2024

IEICE Electron. Express

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This work presents a neural network DPD for mmWave RF-PAs. Differently from existing neural network-based DPDs, the neural network in the proposed DPD does not reside in the forward data path. Instead, it estimates the polynomial coefficients from the complex Fourier amplitudes of harmonics during a calibration sweep. It can compensate for PA nonlinearity under various operating conditions with lower hardware complexity compared to conventional DPDs. The proposed design is validated on a 28GHz CMOS phased-array transceiver. In 256-QAM 5G-OFDMA-mode, the proposed neural network DPD achieved an improvement in EVM from -28.7dB to -32.0dB, while maintaining an ACLR of -33.4dBc.

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Section: Beamforming Transceiver Using Neural Network Dpdmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural network-based DPD coefficient determination for PA linearization in 5G and beyond-5G mmWave systems

Narayanan,

Minati,

Hagihara

et al. 2024

IEICE Electron. Express

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“…To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of combining the DPD and Doherty techniques in 5G phased-array applications. This article is an extension of [41] and is structured as follows. The DPD strategy considerations for the 5G phasedarray system are introduced in Section II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 39-GHz CMOS Bidirectional Doherty Phased- Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD With Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base Station

Pang

Zhang

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article demonstrates a 39-GHz CMOS phasedarray beamformer aiming for power-efficient and area-efficient fifth-generation (5G) dual-polarized multiple-in-multiple-out (DP-MIMO) applications. To address the digital pre-distortion (DPD) implementation issue in the massive beamformer elements with Doherty technique integrated, an inter-element mismatch compensation technique is introduced for improving the shared-lookup table (LUT) DPD performance over the process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. A bidirectional Doherty power amplifier (PA)-LNA is proposed to enhance the power back-off (PBO) efficiency regarding the high peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) 5G signals, meanwhile cost down the system by the unbalanced neutralized bidirectional operation. The proposed phased-array beamformer chip is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS technology and packaged in a wafer-level chip-scale package (WLCSP). Each element occupies only a 0.82-mm 2 chip area, including the on-chip low-dropout regulator (LDO). The measured stand-alone Doherty PA-LNA achieves 18.9-dBm saturated output power with 17.8% power-added efficiency (PAE) at 6-dB PBO in PA mode and obtains a 4.8-dB noise figure (NF) at 40 GHz in LNA mode. By utilizing the proposed mismatch compensation, the measured 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) orthogonal frequency-division multiple access Manuscript

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“…In millimeter-wave (mm-wave) base stations, beamforming technique is necessary to achieve an adequate effective isotropical radiated power (EIRP) to compensate for the increased free-space path loss (FSPL). Meanwhile, the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of 5G OFDMA-mode modulated signal limits the transmitter to operate at 6-dB or even more back-off point [1,2,3]. As the key component of the phased-array transmitter, the power-efficient PA with sufficient output power and good linearity performance is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 41-GHz 19.4-dBm P<sub>sat</sub> CMOS Doherty power amplifier for 5G NR applications

Chen

Wang

et al. 2023

IEICE Electron. Express

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In this letter, a 41-GHz Doherty power amplifier (PA) in standard 65nm CMOS technology is introduced for 5G New Radio (NR) applications. The proposed PA implements the transformer-based parallel-combined Doherty structure to enhance the power-added efficiency (PAE). A tunable 90-deg hybrid coupler is proposed for output phase compensation. This work achieves a saturated output power (P sat ) of 19.4dBm and an OP1dB of 18.6dBm at 41.5GHz under a 1-V power supply. The peak PAE and the PAE at 6-dB output power back-off (PBO) are 30.4% and 19.2%, respectively. This work also supports single-carrier mode (SC-mode) 400-MSymbols/s 256QAM and OFDMA-mode 400-MHz 256QAM. The core chip area is 0.22 mm 2 with a static power consumption of 76mW.

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A 39-GHz CMOS Bi-Directional Doherty Phased-Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD with Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base-Station

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

A neural network-based DPD coefficient determination for PA linearization in 5G and beyond-5G mmWave systems

A neural network-based DPD coefficient determination for PA linearization in 5G and beyond-5G mmWave systems

A 39-GHz CMOS Bidirectional Doherty Phased- Array Beamformer Using Shared-LUT DPD With Inter-Element Mismatch Compensation Technique for 5G Base Station

A 41-GHz 19.4-dBm P<sub>sat</sub> CMOS Doherty power amplifier for 5G NR applications

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