A 3D numerical and experimental investigation of microstructural alterations around non-metallic inclusions in bearing steel

Moghaddam, Sina Mobasher; Sadeghi, Farshid; Paulson, Kristen; Weinzapfel, Nick; Correns, Martin; Dinkel, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.02.034

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…One cycle consists of 21 loading steps and the loading steps are independent of each other. The simulating method is widely used by some researchers (Jian et al, 2017(Jian et al, , 2018bMoghaddam et al, 2015Moghaddam et al, , 2016. One loading step is about 120 min on a computer with 16 GB RAM and 3.3 GHz CPU.…”

Section: Fatigue Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation demonstrates that stress concentration appears near the inclusions and the size, depth, and distribution of inclusions will change the value of maximum stress and the area of stress concentration. Moghaddam et al (2015Moghaddam et al ( , 2016 first adopted the Voronoi finite element method and analyzed the damage accumulation induced by nonmetallic inclusions in steel matrix comprehensively. In their study, it is obvious that inclusions cause stress concentration and initial fatigue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moghaddam et al. (2015, 2016) first adopted the Voronoi finite element method and analyzed the damage accumulation induced by nonmetallic inclusions in steel matrix comprehensively. In their study, it is obvious that inclusions cause stress concentration and initial fatigue damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of rough surface on damage evolution and fatigue life of M50-bearing steel containing a spherical inclusion

Guan

Wang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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In this paper, a continuum damage mechanics model is incorporated into the finite element model which contains a spherical inclusion to investigate damage evolution and predict fatigue life of M50-bearing steel. Quasi-dynamic method, isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis and non-Gaussian surface simulating technique are combined to obtain the contact pressure. The damage evolution process of the micro-domain considering roughness texture is simulated and the fatigue life is predicted. The result shows that transverse texture can weaken the damage accumulation due to the strengthening of hydrodynamic effect. The effects of surface roughness parameters on fatigue life are also analyzed. It should be noted that transverse texture, small mean square root value and kurtosis, negative skewness are helpful for enhancing the fatigue life of bearing steel. Meanwhile, the increase of frictional coefficient and radius, negative position of local region will reduce the fatigue life.

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Section: Fatigue Damage Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of rough surface on damage evolution and fatigue life of M50-bearing steel containing a spherical inclusion

Guan

Wang

et al. 2019

International Journal of Damage Mechanics

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“…Contact fatigue failure is one of the main failures of bearings, [4][5][6] and contact fatigue failure of bearings is mainly manifested as surface spalling. [7,8] As for high-strength steels, surface spalling under cyclic contact stress was mainly related to the stress concentration caused by surface roughness or nonuniform microstructure in the subsurface. [9,10] Nonmetallic inclusions destroyed the continuity of the steel matrix, [11] which seriously deteriorated the fatigue life of bearing steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ruhrstahl Heraeus Refining Time on Inclusions and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of a High‐Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

Liu

Ren

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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According to the variation in the average composition, the average size, the number density, and the area fraction of large‐size inclusions during Ruhrstahl Heraeus (RH) refining process, large‐size inclusions in the high‐carbon chromium‐bearing steel reach the lowest level when the vacuum cycle time is 25 min. When the soft blowing time reaches over 25 min, the number density and area fraction of large‐size inclusions increase. The rolling contact fatigue (RCF) life of the forged steel samples is measured using a thrust RCF tester, indicating that the fatigue life of no. 1 steel (vacuum cycle 40 min, soft blowing 20 min) is 12% higher than that of no. 2 steel (vacuum cycle 20 min, soft blowing 40 min). Based on the estimation of the characteristic size of inclusions in the forged steel by the statistics of extreme values (SEV) method, it is concluded that when the characteristic size and the chemical composition of inclusions in steels are similar, the RCF life is increased by 12% when the number density of large‐size inclusions decreases from 0.63 to 0.44 mm−2.

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“…The modeling results showed good agreement with the 2D model and experimental observation of crack initiation. 39,40 Alley and Neu 41 employed the crystal plasticity model to predict the plastic strain and Fatemi-Socie parameter under RCF. Two cases of a fully martensite model and a combined model of both martensite and austenite phases were calculated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White etching area damage induced by shear localization in rolling contact fatigue of bearing steel

Chen,

Xie,

et al. 2023

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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White etching area (WEA) is a primary damage in rolling contact fatigue (RCF) of bearing steels. In spite of extensive investigations, there is a large discrepancy in the existing mechanisms of WEA formation. We attempt to unify the mechanisms from the perspective of shear localization and plastic damage accumulation based on ductile damage. RCF tests were conducted to generate WEAs with various microstructures and compositions. A thermodynamically consistent model of the ductile damage evolution from an inclusion was established by developing the phase field damage coupled with the crystal elastic‐viscoplastic constitutive relationship under RCF. The model was implemented into the FE framework through a user materials subroutine. The results indicated that the WEA is the shear band resulting from shear localization. The large inhomogeneity and scatter in WEA's microstructure are due to the influence of the crystal orientation. The development and orientation of SBs predicted by the model and the experimental observation of the WEA are in good agreement. The large micro‐shear strain in the WEA provides the driving force for mechanically controlled austenite phase transformation. The shear band center, which has the largest strain and the least stress, is where cracks initiate. This demonstrates that contrary to earlier reports that WEA is induced by previously formed crack faces friction, cracks actually initiate from the interior of the WEA.

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A 3D numerical and experimental investigation of microstructural alterations around non-metallic inclusions in bearing steel

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Influence of rough surface on damage evolution and fatigue life of M50-bearing steel containing a spherical inclusion

Influence of rough surface on damage evolution and fatigue life of M50-bearing steel containing a spherical inclusion

Effect of Ruhrstahl Heraeus Refining Time on Inclusions and Rolling Contact Fatigue Life of a High‐Carbon Chromium Bearing Steel

White etching area damage induced by shear localization in rolling contact fatigue of bearing steel

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