A 3D printed dry electrode for ECG/EEG recording

Salvo, Pietro; Raedt, Robrecht; Carrette, Evelien; Schaubroeck, David; Vanfleteren, Jan; Cardon, Ludwig

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2011.12.017

Cited by 227 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…[ 10 ] Several studies report the fabrication of microstructures on the surface of the electrodes in order to increase the surface area and decrease the electrode impedance. [11][12][13][14] We recently reported the use of conducting polymers as dry electrodes with enhanced performance. [ 15 ] Another solution involves the use of spring-loaded contacts embedded in a fl exible substrate.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Leleux

Johnson

Strakosas

et al. 2014

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Section: Doi: 101002/adhm201300614mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Leleux

Johnson

Strakosas

et al. 2014

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…This arrangement causes skin irritation (erythema) and leads to electrical degradation for periods of use that extend more than a few hours, typically caused by drying of the electrolyte gel (6). Recent technologies replace the gel (7,8) with needles (8,9), contact probes (10,11), capacitive disks (12,13), conductive composites (14,15), or nanowires (16). Such dry electrodes have some promise, but they require multistep preparations, obtrusive wiring interfaces, and/or cumbersome mechanical fixtures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Norton

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

325

283

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Recent advances in electrodes for noninvasive recording of electroencephalograms expand opportunities collecting such data for diagnosis of neurological disorders and brain-computer interfaces. Existing technologies, however, cannot be used effectively in continuous, uninterrupted modes for more than a few days due to irritation and irreversible degradation in the electrical and mechanical properties of the skin interface. Here we introduce a soft, foldable collection of electrodes in open, fractal mesh geometries that can mount directly and chronically on the complex surface topology of the auricle and the mastoid, to provide highfidelity and long-term capture of electroencephalograms in ways that avoid any significant thermal, electrical, or mechanical loading of the skin. Experimental and computational studies establish the fundamental aspects of the bending and stretching mechanics that enable this type of intimate integration on the highly irregular and textured surfaces of the auricle. Cell level tests and thermal imaging studies establish the biocompatibility and wearability of such systems, with examples of high-quality measurements over periods of 2 wk with devices that remain mounted throughout daily activities including vigorous exercise, swimming, sleeping, and bathing. Demonstrations include a text speller with a steadystate visually evoked potential-based brain-computer interface and elicitation of an event-related potential (P300 wave).or more than 80 y, electroencephalography (EEG) has provided an effective noninvasive means to study human brain activity (1). EEG is instrumental in a wide range of clinical and research applications, from diagnosing epilepsy (2) to improving our understanding of language comprehension (3) and the development of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) (4). Conventional EEG recording systems, particularly the physical interface between the sensor (commonly known as an electrode) and the head, have limitations that constrain the more widespread use of EEG monitoring. Electrodes typically consist of rigid metal disks mechanically secured to the head with a mesh cap and chin strap, where electrolyte gels (5) enable efficient electrical coupling by reducing the impedance at the skin interface. This arrangement causes skin irritation (erythema) and leads to electrical degradation for periods of use that extend more than a few hours, typically caused by drying of the electrolyte gel (6). Recent technologies replace the gel (7, 8) with needles (8, 9), contact probes (10, 11), capacitive disks (12, 13), conductive composites (14, 15), or nanowires (16). Such dry electrodes have some promise, but they require multistep preparations, obtrusive wiring interfaces, and/or cumbersome mechanical fixtures. These shortcomings limit the potential for long-term use in diagnosis of neurological disabilities (17, 18) or in persistent BCI (17,19). For example, although microneedle electrodes can record EEG signals for a few hours (20), the interface does not offer the robustness, comfort, or eas...

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“…In recent years, different types of dry electrodes, such as polymer foam electrode, solid-gel electrode, textile electrode, pin-shaped metallic electrode have been developed. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] To evaluate the performance of these electrodes, comparing the spontaneous EEG signals (e.g., the alpha wave) or the evoked potential acquired by the dry electrodes and conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes qualitatively or quantitatively is a common approach. [2][3][4][11][12][13] However, the signal quality is not only affected by the electrode itself, but also the acquisition components of the EEG system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance analysis of ZnO nanowire coated dry EEG electrodes

Jia

et al. 2017

JBEI

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The electrochemical impedance of a novel dry electroencephalogram (EEG) electrode after surface modification (i.e., sputtered with gold, coated with ZnO nanowires) is investigated in this study. To avoid the discomfort caused by repetitive testing on human, a skin-mimic sandwich structure, comprised of a highly porous polyester fabric membrane and two thin silicone films, is fabricated as a test bed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are conducted to further understand the properties of the electrode-electrolyte interface when the electrode is installed on this test bed. An equivalent circuit model with a constant phase element (CPE) is used to fit the EIS data. Our results show that the modeled EIS data are in good agreement with the experimental data. It has also been found that the charge transfer resistance decreases from 349 Ω cm 2 for the bare electrode to 256 Ω cm 2 for the gold-coated electrode and further decreases to 167 Ω cm 2 for the gold coated short ZnO nanowire electrode.The lower impedance value will definitely help improve the signal when such electrode is used to record electrophysiological data.

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A 3D printed dry electrode for ECG/EEG recording

Cited by 227 publications

References 10 publications

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Ionic Liquid Gel‐Assisted Electrodes for Long‐Term Cutaneous Recordings

Soft, curved electrode systems capable of integration on the auricle as a persistent brain–computer interface

Impedance analysis of ZnO nanowire coated dry EEG electrodes

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