“…Polysilicon is utilized as the fuse element in prior CMOS technologies before utilizing the high-k metal gate in the front-end technology (Chen et al, 2017;Cheng et al, 2018;Doi et al, 2020;Chen et al, 2021). With high demands on computing configurations, the logic process-compatible non-volatile OTP utilizing the resistive memory is critical for recent applications, namely, security for data storage, security, Internet of Things, and modern system-on-chip (Kulkarni et al, 2021;Liu et al, 2018;Okuno et al, 2020;Shamsoshoara et al, 2020;Yang et al, 2020). This results in challenges, such as, increase in the fuse bit counts, overall area, large power consumption, and reliability.…”