A 6.7 GHz Methanol Maser Survey. II. Low Galactic Latitudes

Yang, Ke‐Fang; Chen, Xi; Shen, Zhi-Qiang; Li, Xiao-Qiong; Wang, Junzhi; Jiang, Dongrong; Li, Juan; Dong, Junping; Wu, Yajun; Qiao, Hai-Hua

doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ab06fb

Cited by 42 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In Table 1 we present a summary of the longitude ranges, number of masers detected and the publication where these are reported. It is likely that the entire MMB survey accounts for the majority of 6.7 GHz methanol maser sources across the Galaxy, as it has been shown that away from the Galactic plane, methanol maser emission is rare (Yang et al 2017(Yang et al , 2019. Until recently, the integrated flux density for methanol maser sources has been unavailable in the literature, and previous studies have used the peak maser fluxes in order to estimate the corresponding maser luminosities.…”

Section: Methanol Multibeam (Mmb) Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

ATLASGAL – physical parameters of dust clumps associated with 6.7 GHz methanol masers

Billington

Urquhart

König

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We have constructed the largest sample of dust-associated class II 6.7 GHz methanol masers yet obtained. New measurements from the the Methanol MultiBeam (MMB) Survey were combined with the 870 µm APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy (AT-LASGAL) and the 850 µm JCMT Plane Survey (JPS). Together with two previous studies we have now identified the host clumps for 958 methanol masers across the Galactic Plane, covering approximately 99 per cent of the MMB catalogue and increasing the known sample of dust-associated masers by over 30 per cent. We investigate correlations between the physical properties of the clumps and masers using distances and luminosities drawn from the literature. Clumps hosting methanol masers are significantly more compact and have higher volume densities than the general population of clumps. We determine a minimum volume density threshold of n(H 2 )≥ 10 4 cm −3 for the efficient formation of intermediate-and highmass stars. We find 6.7 GHz methanol masers are associated with a distinct part of the evolutionary process (L bol /M fwhm ratios of between 10 0.6 and 10 2.2 ) and have well defined turning on and termination points. We estimate the lower limit for the mass of embedded objects to be ≥ 6 M and the statistical lifetime of the methanol maser stage to be ∼ 3.3×10 4 yrs. This suggests that methanol masers are indeed reliable tracers of high mass star formation, and indicates that the evolutionary period traced by this marker is relatively rapid.

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Section: Methanol Multibeam (Mmb) Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

ATLASGAL – physical parameters of dust clumps associated with 6.7 GHz methanol masers

Billington

Urquhart

König

et al. 2019

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…They observed targets from the all-sky Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) point source catalog that could be associated with 6.7 GHz methanol masers based on their WISE magnitudes. We detected their three new masers and the five already known masers with WISE bright emission listed in Yang et al (2019). The only maser from this catalog not detected by us, likely due to variability, is G81.794+0.911.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Maser Surveysmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…The eight maser sources listed in this catalog within 76 • < l < 83 • and −1 • < b < +2 • were also detected in our survey. More recently, Yang et al (2019) performed a new targeted survey in the whole Galaxy with the 65 m Shanghai Tianma Radio Telescope. They observed targets from the all-sky Wide Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) point source catalog that could be associated with 6.7 GHz methanol masers based on their WISE magnitudes.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Maser Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global view on star formation: the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey

Ortiz-León

Menten

Brunthaler

et al. 2021

A&A

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The Cygnus X complex is covered by the Global View of Star Formation in the Milky Way (GLOSTAR) survey, an unbiased radio-wavelength Galactic plane survey, in 4–8 GHz continuum radiation and several spectral lines. The GLOSTAR survey observed the 6.7 GHz transition of methanol (CH3OH), an exclusive tracer of high-mass young stellar objects. Using the Very Large Array in both the B and D configurations, we observed an area in Cygnus X of 7° × 3° in size and simultaneously covered the methanol line and the continuum, allowing cross-registration. We detected thirteen sources with Class II methanol maser emission and one source with methanol absorption. Two methanol maser sources are newly detected; in addition, we found four new velocity components associated with known masers. Five masers are concentrated in the DR21 ridge and W75N. We determined the characteristics of the detected masers and investigated the association with infrared, (sub)millimeter, and radio continuum emission. All maser sources are associated with (sub)millimeter dust continuum emission, which is consistent with the picture of masers tracing regions in an active stage of star formation. On the other hand, only five masers (38 ± 17%) have radio continuum counterparts seen with GLOSTAR within ~1″, testifying to their youth. Comparing the distributions of the bolometric luminosity and the luminosity-to-mass ratio of cores that host 6.7 GHz methanol masers with those of the full core population, we identified lower limits LBol ~ 200 L⊙ and LBol/Mcore ~ 1 L⊙M⊙−1 for a dust source to host maser emission.

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“…Furthermore, the distribution of these masers can help us study the structure of the spiral arms within the Milky Way. While previous studies already exist, most notably the Methanol Multibeam (MMB) survey (Green et al 2009b) and other surveys (Pestalozzi et al 2005;Pandian et al 2007;Yang et al 2019), our VLA data is the most sensitive (RMS∼18 mJy beam −1 ), thus providing potentially the most complete catalog to date. In addition to the D configuration data, we also have B-configuration data for a large fraction of the survey in order to provide more accurate positions and observations of multiple epochs.…”

Section: 7 Ghz Methanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey

Brunthaler

Menten

Dzib

et al. 2021

A&A

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Aims. Surveys of the Milky Way at various wavelengths have changed our view of star formation in our Galaxy considerably in recent years. In this paper we give an overview of the GLOSTAR survey, a new survey covering large parts (145 square degrees) of the northern Galactic plane using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (JVLA) in the frequency range 4 − 8 GHz and the Effelsberg 100m telescope. This provides for the first time a radio survey covering all angular scales down to 1.5 arcsecond, similar to complementary near-IR and mid-IR galactic plane surveys. We outline the main goals of the survey and give a detailed description of the observations and the data reduction strategy. Methods. In our observations we covered the radio continuum in full polarization, as well as the 6.7 GHz methanol maser line, the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde line, and seven radio recombination lines. The observations were conducted in the most compact D configuration of the VLA and in the more extended B configuration. This yielded spatial resolutions of 18" and 1.5" for the two configurations, respectively. We also combined the D configuration images with the Effelsberg 100-m data to provide zero spacing information, and we jointly imaged the D-and B-configuration data for optimal sensitivity of the intermediate spatial ranges. Results. Here we show selected results for the first part of the survey, covering the range of 28 • < l < 36 • and |b| < 1 • , including the full low-resolution continuum image, examples of high-resolution images of selected sources, and the first results from the spectral line data.

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A 6.7 GHz Methanol Maser Survey. II. Low Galactic Latitudes

Cited by 42 publications

References 58 publications

ATLASGAL – physical parameters of dust clumps associated with 6.7 GHz methanol masers

ATLASGAL – physical parameters of dust clumps associated with 6.7 GHz methanol masers

A global view on star formation: the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey

A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey

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