A 6 $\mu$ W ±50 ppm/°C ±1500 ppm/V 1.5 MHz $RC$  Oscillator Using Self-Regulation

Wang, Tianyu; Ahmed, Mostafa Gamal; Zhu, Junheng; Wang, Da; Elkholy, Ahmed; Elmallah, Ahmed; Hanumolu, Pavan Kumar

doi:10.1109/tcsii.2018.2884657

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To eliminate unnecessary discharging time of the capacitor, an improvised architecture using two sets of charging capacitors with respective comparators has been implemented [32][33][34]. This RxO has an additional capacitor path for charging/discharging process and comparator to compare VREF and VIN1(2) [Fig.…”

Section: A Open-loop-based Timersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

et al. 2022

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Driven by the momentum toward compact and low-power Internet-of-Things (IoT) systems, the research on fully-integrated and energy-efficient kHz-to-MHz timers increased explosively. This article examines recent publications on timers and classifies them into two major categories: open-loop-based and close-loop-based timers. Upon introducing the basic parameters for characterizing a timer, we perform an extensive investigation to gain insights into recent state-of-the-art works. We also discuss in detail the comparison between the two classes of timers. With the aid of the state-of-the-art, we present a comprehensive review from multiple perspectives, such as Energy Efficiency, Temperature Coefficient, Temperature Range, Figure-of-Merit, etc.

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Section: A Open-loop-based Timersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

et al. 2022

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“…I NTEGRATED RC oscillators are becoming increasingly popular as clock sources in various applications, replacing bulky crystal or MEMS oscillators due to their smaller physical footprint, lower power consumption, and lack of expensive offchip components [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]. These oscillators achieve excellent short-term frequency stability through novel methods that compensate for the frequency inaccuracy caused by the temperature coefficient (TC) of resistors used in the reference RC networks [11], [12], [16], [17], [19], [20], [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Temperature- and Aging-Compensated RC Oscillator With ±1030-ppm Inaccuracy From40 °C to 85 °C After Accelerated Aging for 500 h at 125 °C

Park,

Pal,

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article presents a temperature-and agingcompensated RC oscillator (TACO) in which the long-term drift of the main oscillator is compensated by periodically locking its frequency to that of the less-aged reference oscillator. To improve the long-term stability of the TACO, it employs techniques, such as the use of higher activation energy (E a ) resistors, switched dual RC branches to mitigate stress from dc-current-induced electromigration (EM), and duty cycling to slow down the aging rate of the reference oscillator. Using the proposed techniques, a prototype 100-MHz RC oscillator fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process achieves an inaccuracy of ±1030 ppm from −40 • C to 85 • C after 500 h of accelerated aging at 125 • C, with 5.1-ps rms period jitter and a power efficiency of 1.4 µW/MHz.

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“…M ONOLITHIC RC-based frequency references have been attractive alternatives to bulky crystal oscillators in many applications. They consume lower power, occupy a small area, and do not require costly off-chip components [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. However, poor frequency accuracy resulting from nonlinear temperature sensitivity has limited their usage to systems that can tolerate large frequency inaccuracy (∼1%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because the comparator's delay has a large temperature coefficient (TC), it needs to be much smaller than the RC time constant to achieve good temperature stability. Meeting this requirement either limits the output frequency or significantly increases power consumption [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7]. One way to overcome these drawbacks is by locking the period of a ring oscillator to the time constant of a reference RC The authors are with the Department of ECE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA (e-mail: kyusang2@ illinois.edu).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 1-μW/MHz RC Oscillator With Three-Point Trimmed 2.1-ppm/°C and Single-Point Trimmed 8.7-ppm/°C Stability From40 °C to 95 °C

Park

Khashaba

Abdelrahman

et al. 2023

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits

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This article presents techniques to improve the frequency stability of RC oscillators by performing firstand second-order temperature compensation without needing resistors with opposite temperature coefficients (TCs). Using the proposed three-point digital trim, a prototype 100-MHz frequency-locked loop (FLL)-based RC oscillator fabricated in a 65-nm CMOS process achieves an inaccuracy of ±140 ppm over −40 • C to 95 • C, 83-ppm/V voltage sensitivity, 1.3-ppm Allan deviation floor, and 1-µW/MHz power efficiency. When only a single-point trim is performed using a multiple linear regression model leveraging the strong correlation between three switched resistors, the frequency inaccuracy is ±587 ppm.

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A 6 $\mu$ W ±50 ppm/°C ±1500 ppm/V 1.5 MHz $RC$ Oscillator Using Self-Regulation

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

Fully-Integrated Timers for Ultra-Low-Power Internet-of-Things Nodes—Fundamentals and Design Techniques

A Temperature- and Aging-Compensated RC Oscillator With ±1030-ppm Inaccuracy From40 °C to 85 °C After Accelerated Aging for 500 h at 125 °C

A 1-μW/MHz RC Oscillator With Three-Point Trimmed 2.1-ppm/°C and Single-Point Trimmed 8.7-ppm/°C Stability From40 °C to 95 °C

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