which are improvements of 12.8 and 11 dB, respectively, over the conventional DPA. Figure 10 shows the measured drain efficiency versus ACLR characteristics of various conditions for a 1-carrier WCDMA signal. The power tracking DPA at an ACLR of Ϫ45 dBc can produce a Pout of 43.4 dBm with the drain efficiency of 31%, which is the efficiency assuming that the efficiency of drain bias supply circuit is 100%.
CONCLUSIONSWe have proposed the three-way DPA with the adaptive bias supply using the power tracking method for improving linearity of the DPA while preserving high efficiency. To achieve good linearity of the DPA without extra linearization techniques, the drain bias voltage of the carrier amplifier and the gate and drain bias voltages of the peaking amplifiers are controlled adaptively according to input power levels. To verify this method, a three-way DPA was implemented using 30-W Si LDMOSFETs and tested using two-tone and 1-carrier WCDMA signals at 2.14 GHz. We have observed the significant IM3 cancellation for a two-tone test with 1-MHz tone spacing. We have also achieved superior ACLR performance for a 1-carrier WCDMA signal over a wide operating power range. At an ACLR of Ϫ45 dBc, the power tracking DPA can produce a Pout of 43.4 dBm with a drain efficiency of 31%. The measured results confirm that the linearity of the DPA is improved with the adaptive bias control of the gate and drain bias voltages of the DPA without extra linearization techniques, while obtaining high efficiency. A robust modeling and design approach for dynamically loaded and digitally linearized Doherty amplifiers, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53 (2005), 2875-2883. 4. K.J. Cho, J.H. Kim, and S.P. Stapleton, A highly efficient Doherty feedforward linear power amplifier for W-CDMA base-Stations applications, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53 (2005), 292-300. 5. Y. Yang, J. Yi, Y.Y. Woo, and B. Kim, A fully N-way Doherty amplifier with optimized linearity, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 51 (2003), 986 -993. 6. J. Kim, J. Cha, I. Kim, and B. Kim, Optimum operation of asymmetrical-cells-based linear Doherty power amplifiers-uneven power drive and power matching, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53 (2005), 1802-1809. 7. H.-I Pan and G.A. Rincon-Mora, Asynchronous nonlinear power-tracking supply for power efficient linear ABSTRACT: A low cost directive uniplanar broadband printed Quasi-Yagi antenna design is presented. As a particular realization, some prototypes have been designed to operate in the 2.45 GHz band. They have been then modeled, fabricated onto standard printed circuit dielectric substrate and tested successfully. For the design and the modeling processes, we have make use of FDTD based in-house developed algorithms. The obtained bandwidth is, for all the considered cases, better than 15%. The main radiation characteristics are 2-5.5 dBi gain, depending on the number of director elements, and better than 25 dB front-to-back ratio.Overall antenna size was, in any case lesser than 1 ϫ 0.5 .