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Extensive studies on the theoretical performance of Schonky‐varactors and varistors as multipliers of a frequency around 100 GHz to the submillimeter region (400‐1200 GHz) in various direct and cascaded configurations have been carried out using harmonic balance analysis. Because of high circuit losses (≥10 dB) in a multiplier chain producing 1 THz, the output power seems to stay at or below 100 μW even in the best multiplier configurations when the available input power at 100 GHz is 50 mW.

In this paper a reduced formulation for the standard finite difference time domain method (R-FDTD), based on the divergence free nature of the electric and magnetic field displacement is presented. This new approach for the solution of Maxwell equations allows a memory reduction in the storage of the field components with almost no computational cost. As validation of the new technique, the resonance frequencies of a dielectric resonator coupled to a microstrip line printed on alumina substrate is studied. Results of measured and calculated resonant frequencies are provided, confirming the validity of the novel numerical technique. I. INTRODUCTIONWith the increase in speed and memory storage in modern computer systems, the Finite Difference Time Domain technique (FDTD) [ 11 for the solution of electromagnetic problems is becoming rapidly an attractive choice due to its programming simplicity and flexibility to analyze wide range of structures. The simplicity and flexibility of this technique has the drawback of high memory requirement and computational power necessary to analyze large geometries. In this work, a modified version of FDTD with increased memory efficiency is presented and applied to the study of a dielectric resonator coupled to a microstrip line printed on alumina substrate. The memory reduction is achieved taking advantage of the spatial dependence of the field components. A net reduction of 33% in the storage requirement is obtained at almost no computational cost. This new technique uses the spatial dependence which exists among the electric and magnetic scalar field components, whenever a charge free region exists. This allows the use of only four scalar quantities to propagate the field in each elementary cell, instead of the usual six. The two eliminated components are locally calculated for computational need from the other four, but they are not stored in space. Because this modification is

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