A 6600 year earthquake history in the region of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone earthquake

Patton, J. R.; Goldfinger, Chris; Morey, A. E.; Ikehara, Ken; Romsos, Chris; Stoner, J. S.; Djadjadihardja, Y.; Udrekh,; Ardhyastuti, Sri; Gaffar, Eddy. Z; Vizcaino, Alexis

doi:10.1130/ges01066.1

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 299 publications

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“…6 and Table 1). Offshore of Sumatra, Patton et al 38. identified 11 deep-sea turbidites along the Andaman–Aceh slip patch between ∼6,500 and 2,700 years BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly variable recurrence of tsunamis in the 7,400 years before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

et al. 2017

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The devastating 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami caught millions of coastal residents and the scientific community off-guard. Subsequent research in the Indian Ocean basin has identified prehistoric tsunamis, but the timing and recurrence intervals of such events are uncertain. Here we present an extraordinary 7,400 year stratigraphic sequence of prehistoric tsunami deposits from a coastal cave in Aceh, Indonesia. This record demonstrates that at least 11 prehistoric tsunamis struck the Aceh coast between 7,400 and 2,900 years ago. The average time period between tsunamis is about 450 years with intervals ranging from a long, dormant period of over 2,000 years, to multiple tsunamis within the span of a century. Although there is evidence that the likelihood of another tsunamigenic earthquake in Aceh province is high, these variable recurrence intervals suggest that long dormant periods may follow Sunda megathrust ruptures as large as that of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.

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“…6 and Table 1). Offshore of Sumatra, Patton et al 38. identified 11 deep-sea turbidites along the Andaman–Aceh slip patch between ∼6,500 and 2,700 years BP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly variable recurrence of tsunamis in the 7,400 years before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

et al. 2017

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“…(, ) and Patton et al . () recognize that the pattern of pulsing seen in the majority of Holocene and late Pleistocene turbidites correlated along the Cascadia margin appears to be consistent within each deposit. These authors interpret the multipulsed character of these beds to indicate flow initiation by the large magnitude ( M > 9) seismic events that characterize this margin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse propagation in turbidity currents

Dorrell

Keevil

et al. 2017

Sedimentology

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Submarine turbidity currents are a key mechanism in the transportation of clastic sediments to deep seas. Such currents may initiate with a complex longitudinal flow structure comprising flow pulses (for example, by being sourced from retrogressive sea floor slope failures) or acquire such structure during run‐out (for example, following flow combination downstream of confluences). A key question is how far along channel pathway complex flow structure is preserved within turbidity currents as they run out and thus if flow initiation mechanism and proximity to source may be inferred from the vertical structure of their deposits. To address this question, physical modelling of saline flows has been conducted to investigate the dynamics of single‐pulsed versus multi‐pulsed density driven currents. The data suggest that, under most circumstances, individual pulses within a multi‐pulsed flow must merge. Therefore, initiation signatures will only be preserved in deposits upstream of the merging point and may be distorted approaching it; downstream of the merging point, all initiation signals will be lost. This new understanding of merging phenomenon within multi‐pulsed gravity currents broadens our ability to interpret multi‐pulsed turbidites.

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“…In general, it is difficult to discern the cause of a tsunami solely on the basis of the characteristics of onshore tsunami deposits. Seismo-turbidites (turbidites deposited by earthquake-triggered turbidity currents) have been also used to estimate the recurrence history of earthquakes in other active tectonic margins (Goldfinger et al 2012;Gutierrez-Pastor et al 2013;Pouderoux et al 2014;Patton et al 2015). According to analysis of turbidites corresponding to the 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the upper few centimeters of surface sediments (as distinct from largescale slope failure) were the primary contributors to sediment remobilization along the Japan Trench when the 2011 earthquake occurred (Ikehara et al 2016;McHugh et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

et al. 2018

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On the landward slope of the Japan Trench, the mid-slope terrace (MST) is located at a depth of 4000-6000 m. Two piston cores from the MST were analyzed to assess the applicability of the MST for turbidite paleoseismology and to find out reliable recurrence record of the great earthquakes along the Japan Trench. The cores have preserved records of ~ 12 seismo-turbidites (event deposits) during the last 4000 years. In the upper parts of the two cores, only the following earthquakes (magnitude M ~ 8 and larger) were clearly recorded: the 2011 Tohoku, the 1896 Sanriku, the 1454 Kyotoku, and the 869 Jogan earthquake. In the lower part of the cores, turbidites were deposited alternately in the northern and southern sites during the periods between concurrent depositional events occurring at intervals of 500-900 years. Considering the characteristics of the coring sites for their sensitivity to earthquake shaking, the concurrent depositional events likely correspond to a supercycle that follows giant (M ~ 9) earthquakes along the Japan Trench. Preliminary estimations of peak ground acceleration for the historical earthquakes recorded as the turbidites imply that each rupture length of the 1454 and 869 earthquakes was over 200 km. The earthquakes related to the supercycle have occurred over at least the last 4000 years, and the cycle seems to have become slightly shorter in recent years. Earthquakes off the Sanriku coast forming the alternative deposition of turbidites in the two cores have released a part of accumulated slip, as indicated by the turbidites deposited in only one core. Decreases in the release of accumulated slip have possibly caused the recent shortening of the supercycle.

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A 6600 year earthquake history in the region of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman subduction zone earthquake

Cited by 72 publications

References 299 publications

Highly variable recurrence of tsunamis in the 7,400 years before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Highly variable recurrence of tsunamis in the 7,400 years before the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami

Pulse propagation in turbidity currents

Supercycle in great earthquake recurrence along the Japan Trench over the last 4000 years

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