“…It should be noted that the bismuth-based superconducting tapes have become popular for power applications at around 77 K in rather low magnetic fields such as power transmission cables, current limiters and power transformers. Typically, we carried out trials with 5 m and 50 m long 2 kA conductors assembled by winding the tapes in layers around formers; the former underwent voltage withstanding and current flow tests [1,2]. However, for adaptation to practical requirements, understanding of the complex physical properties of the oxide superconductors and its complex fabrication process is more significant, and enhancements of critical current density, uniformity in length, AC losses, mechanical strength, flexibility and current-carrying capacity were developed individually and in combination.…”