A Acessibilidade Nos Transportes: A Realidade Das Comunidades Ribeirinhas Da Amazônia Paraense

Fernandes, Alexandre Santos; Fernandes, Ana Paula Cunha dos Santos

doi:10.17648/galoa-cbee-6-29429

Cited by 4 publications

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“…The observed hotspots for the disease transmission followed along with the spatial distribution of the population density (IBGE, 2017), implying that regions of higher density have higher notification cases for the disease. A relationship that is mainly caused by an irregular accessibility of healthcare centers and public vaccination coverage throughout the study area (Affonso et al., 2016; Fernandes & Fernandenos, 2013; Fernandenos & Fernandes 2016). In response to the precarious coverage rate of the national vaccination program in Pará state (Brito & Souto, 2020), one can expect an increase in notification cases for hepatitis‐A in the next years in the study area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Environmental and Sociodemographic Data and Hepatitis‐A Transmission in Pará State (Brazil)

2021

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Risk assessment and vulnerability analyses are common practices in epidemiology (Avanzi et al., 2018;Gullón et al., 2017; WHO, 2014). Evidence from around the world confirms that climate change can affect distribution and occurrence of diseases, a major concern for policy making and healthcare facilities (UN, 2007). The health of human populations is sensitive to shifts in weather patterns and other aspects of climate change (Smith et al., 2015). Weather events and climate change are important drivers of the Abstract Hepatitis-A is a waterborne infectious disease transmitted by the eponymous hepatitis-A virus (HAV). Due to the disease's sociodemographic and environmental characteristics, this study applied public census and remote sensing data to assess risk factors for hepatitis-A transmission. Municipalitylevel data were obtained for the state of Pará, Brazil. Generalized linear and nonlinear models were evaluated as alternative predictors for hepatitis-A transmission in Pará. The Histogram Gradient Boost (HGB) regression model was deemed the best choice (RMSE= 2.36, and higher 2 R = 0.95) among the tested models. Partial dependence analysis and permutation feature importance analysis were used to investigate the partial dependence and the relative importance values of the independent variables in the disease transmission prediction model. Results indicated a complex relationship between the disease transmission and the sociodemographic and environmental characteristics of the study area. Population size, lack of sanitation, urban clustering, year of notification, insufficient public vaccination programs, household proximity to open-air dumpsites and storm-drains, and lack of access to healthcare facilities and hospitals were sociodemographic parameters related to HAV transmission. Turbidity and precipitation were the environmental parameters closest related to disease transmission. Based on HGB model, a hepatitis-A risk map was built for Pará state. The obtained risk map can be thought of as an auxiliary tool for public health strategies. This study reinforces the need to incorporate remote sensing data in epidemiological modelling and surveillance plans for the development of early prevention strategies for hepatitis-A.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Environmental and Sociodemographic Data and Hepatitis‐A Transmission in Pará State (Brazil)

2021

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“…The variation of HAV in relation to residence, where we discovered a predominance for urban zones, is in agreement with previous studies (O'Brien and Xagoraraki, 2019). It could be associated with different factors: the density distribution of populations (IBGE, 2008;SNIS, 2019), the average total income per household (Stoitsova et al, 2015), the problem of waste disposal (Gracie et al, 2007), the lack of proper sanitation conditions (Paungartten et al, 2015), the high birth-rate (Stoitsova et al, 2015), and the con- strains accessibility to healthcare centres (Fernandes and Fernandes, 2013;Affonso et al, 2016). The lack of proper sanitation contributes to the risk of HAV transmission by faecal-oral route (Gracie et al, 2007), while problems associated with manhole and storm drain clogging also play an important role in the disease transmission (UN, 2007;IBGE, 2011;Freitas et al, 2015).…”

Section: Temporal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of proper sanitation contributes to the risk of HAV transmission by faecal-oral route (Gracie et al, 2007), while problems associated with manhole and storm drain clogging also play an important role in the disease transmission (UN, 2007;IBGE, 2011;Freitas et al, 2015). Limited availability and accessibility to healthcare centres also play an important role for the urban dominance in the disease notification reports (Fernandes and Fernandes, 2013;Affonso et al, 2016) as leads to underreporting, severely impacting the disease infection rate assessment (Da Silva and Boing, 2007;Santos et al, 2018).…”

Section: Temporal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The space-time scan statistics depicted an increase of RR after the vaccination programme had started in the following mesoregions: i) Baixo Amazonas; ii) Marajó; iii) Nordeste Paraense; iv) Metropolitana de Belém (Figure 1). Given that riverine communities have geographical and mobility constraints, they usually lack proper access to healthcare services, sanitation (AMAE, 2014) as well as educational services (Fernandes and Fernandes, 2013). Indeed, these barriers also impact the public epidemiological reports (Gama et al, 2018).…”

Section: Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sociodemographic and spatiotemporal profiles of hepatitis-A in the state of Pará, Brazil, based on reported notified cases

Leal

Guimarães²,

Kampel

2021

Geospat Health

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Hepatitis-A virus is a worldwide healthcare problem, mainly affecting countries with poor sanitary and socioeconomic conditions. This communication evaluates the spatiotemporal variability of the disease’s socioepidemiological profile in one of the endemic Brazilian regions (Pará State) prior to (2008-2013) and after (2014-2017) the launch of the national public vaccination programme. Hepatitis-A epidemiological reports concerning Pará State - Brazil - were used for this study including municipalitylevel data of the disease’s reported positive notification cases (PNCs). The analyses involved socioepidemiological profiling and space-time scan statistics. A total of 5500 PNCs were reported in the study period. On average, PNCs decreased over time throughout the state, with strongest drops after 2015. The PNCs were specific for gender, race/ethnic origin and age group. The predominant gender and race/ethnic groups was male and brown, respectively. While children were the most susceptible age group prior to 2015, there was a shift towards older ages (young and adults) in later years. Those found to be the most affected by the disease, as shown by space-time scan statistics, were people in densely populated municipalities with unsatisfactory sanitary conditions and also less well covered by the public vaccination programme. Despite drops in the number of hepatitis-A PNCs, thanks to the national vaccination programme, the disease still persists in Pará State and elsewhere in Brazil. The present study reinforces the need of continuous prevention and control strategies for effective control and erradication of hepatitis-A.

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Transporte escolar na Amazônia: uma análise dos condicionantes de acesso de estudantes ribeirinhos à escola do campo

Carmo

Cunha

Prazeres

2020

Rev. Bras. Educ. Camp.

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This article analyzes, within the area of public policies of school transportation and nucleation of rural schools, the conditions of access and permanence of students of a riverain school in Cametá (Pará, Brazil). The research is configured as a case study, which uses data collection techniques to apply questionnaires with 119 students from 6th to 9th grade of elementary school and with 14 boat owners, as well as in loco observations at the school surveyed. The results obtained indicate that, although school transportation is an important policy for students of riverain schools, there are weaknesses in the execution due to the lack of a control policy by the Secretariat of Education to monitor and monitor the provision of this service. It also, highlights the need for the establishment of social control mechanisms of the school transport policy that favor the participation of representatives of the Secretariat of Education, parents, boatmen, school social organizations and school representatives.

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A Acessibilidade Nos Transportes: A Realidade Das Comunidades Ribeirinhas Da Amazônia Paraense

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Associations Between Environmental and Sociodemographic Data and Hepatitis‐A Transmission in Pará State (Brazil)

Associations Between Environmental and Sociodemographic Data and Hepatitis‐A Transmission in Pará State (Brazil)

Sociodemographic and spatiotemporal profiles of hepatitis-A in the state of Pará, Brazil, based on reported notified cases

Transporte escolar na Amazônia: uma análise dos condicionantes de acesso de estudantes ribeirinhos à escola do campo

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