A Bayesian Approach to Andean Faunal Assemblages

Abstract

Faunal assemblages offer rich data for exploring domestication, subsistence, ritual practice, and political economy. Issues of equifinality, however, frequently complicate interpretations because different agents and processes may create similar archaeological signatures. Analysts are often forced to make interpretations based on qualitative observations, which can be difficult to justify or replicate. I present an alternative method for classifying Andean assemblages by using ethnographic, ethnohistoric, and archaeological data to construct a Bayesian network model. The model is assessed using specifically constructed test datasets and archaeological case studies. Bayesian models can lead to explicit and quantifiable probabilistic interpretations of faunal assemblages.

Camelid consumption at the Inca ceremonial site Maucallacta–Pampacolca. Zooarchaeological analysis of the “Basural 2” deposit

“…As mentioned above, the sample comes from presumably ritual context, and there is little doubt that most of the described remains are postconsumption leftovers. However, comparison of the results with the Bayesian model made by Osborn (2019) does not lead to a clear conclusion, as many of the observed features can be associated either with feasts or quotidian activities.…”

Diet During the Late Initial Period (1100–800 BC) in the Chavín Heartland: New Data from Canchas Uckro (North-Central Peru)

“…bones (NISP = 25; MNI = 8) were recovered from the excavations. Guinea pig bones are quite small and for taphonomic reasons are often underrepresented in faunal assemblages (Osborn 2019: 360–361; Valdez and Valdez 1997). As a result, the dietary contribution of this species is difficult to ascertain from animal bone alone.…”