A Behavioral Economic Analysis of Fat Appetite in Rats

Freed, Debra; Green, L.

doi:10.1006/appe.1998.0170

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, many products targeted to dieters substitute sugar for fat calories in low-fat foods. Behavioral economic analysis tells us that this is an acceptable solution, since palatable alternatives are able to lure subjects away from a high-fat option (Freed & Green, 1998). Based on some of the present findings, this may be effective in minimizing caloric intake, since the addition of fat prolonged consumption in the FR1 test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Nutrients and their rewarding properties have been extensively studied in animal models. Sucrose and fat have both been shown independently to be rewarding and motivating in several paradigms, including self administration (Freed & Green, 1998;Grimm et al, 2005), conditioned place preference (Figlewicz et al, 2004;Figlewicz et al, 2001), conditioned flavor preferences (Ackroff et al, 2004;Sclafani et al, 1994) and intake tests (Corwin, 2004;Zhang & Kelley, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deconstructing the vanilla milkshake: The dominant effect of sucrose on self-administration of nutrient–flavor mixtures

et al. 2008

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Rats and humans avidly consume flavored foods that contain sucrose and fat, presumably due to their rewarding qualities. In this study, we hypothesized that the complex mixture of corn oil, sucrose, and flavor is more reinforcing than any of these components alone. We observed a concentrationdependent increase in reinforcers received of sucrose solutions (0, 3, 6.25, and 12.5%) in both fixed ratio and progressive ratio procedures, but with equicaloric corn oil solutions (0, 1.4, 2.8, and 5.6%) this finding was replicated only in the fixed ratio procedure. Likewise, addition of 1.4% oil to 3% or 12.5% sucrose increased fixed ratio, but not progressive ratio, reinforcers received relative to those of sucrose alone. Finally, addition of 3% vanilla flavoring did not change self-administration of 3% sucrose or 3% sucrose + 1.4% oil solutions. These data suggest that, calorie-for-calorie, sucrose is the dominant reinforcing component of novel foods that contain a mixture of fat, sucrose, and flavor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconstructing the vanilla milkshake: The dominant effect of sucrose on self-administration of nutrient–flavor mixtures

et al. 2008

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“…Furthermore, Ward and Dykstra used 3% xanthan gum as a diluent, which is too high a concentration to mimic the oil texture (Ramirez, 1994). Many researchers including us are using 0.2-0.3% xanthan gum to mimic the viscosity of oil (Freed and Green, 1998;Kawai and Fushiki, 2003;Smith Richards et al, 2004). Since oil-like texture itself is an adequate stimulus for palatability (Ackroff et al, 1990;Mindell et al, 1990), the vehicle should be carefully selected to assess the reinforcing effect of corn oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Reinforcing effect for corn oil stimulus was concentration dependent in an operant task in mice

et al. 2007

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“…Given these findings, the second rationale for this experiment was to examine the predictions of the demand analysis when one reinforcer functioned as a partial substitute for the other. To this end, we determined rats' demand curves for food and a fat solution, with the latter functioning as a partial substitute for the former (Freed & Green, 1998). The relative levels of consumption of food and fat in the single-schedule conditions were used to predict each rat's choices in a concurrent food versus fat condition where the price of each commodity was identical.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tests of Behavioral‐economic Assessments of Relative Reinforcer Efficacy: Economic Substitutes

Madden

Smethells

Ewan

et al. 2007

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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This experiment was conducted to test predictions of two behavioral-economic approaches to quantifying relative reinforcer efficacy. According to the first of these approaches, characteristics of averaged normalized demand curves may be used to predict progressive-ratio breakpoints and peak responding. The second approach, the demand analysis, rejects the concept of reinforcer efficacy, arguing instead that traditional measures of relative reinforcer efficacy (breakpoint, peak response rate, and choice) correspond to specific characteristics of non-normalized demand curves. The accuracy of these predictions was evaluated in rats' responding for food or fat: two reinforcers known to function as partial substitutes. Consistent with the first approach, predicted peak normalized response output values (Omax) obtained under single-schedule conditions ordinally predicted progressive-ratio breakpoints and peak responding. Predictions of the demand analysis had mixed success. Pmax and Omax were significantly correlated with PR breakpoints and peak responding (respectively) when fat, but not when food, was the reinforcer. Relative consumption of food and fat under single schedules of reinforcement did not predict preference better than chance. The normalized demand analysis is supplemented with the economic concept of diminishing marginal utility, to predict preference shifts across the range of food and fat prices examined.

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A Behavioral Economic Analysis of Fat Appetite in Rats

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Deconstructing the vanilla milkshake: The dominant effect of sucrose on self-administration of nutrient–flavor mixtures

Deconstructing the vanilla milkshake: The dominant effect of sucrose on self-administration of nutrient–flavor mixtures

Reinforcing effect for corn oil stimulus was concentration dependent in an operant task in mice

Tests of Behavioral‐economic Assessments of Relative Reinforcer Efficacy: Economic Substitutes

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