A Behavioral Intervention for Improving Verbal Behaviors of Heroin Addicts in a Treatment Clinic

Petry, Nancy M.; Bickel, Warren K.; Tzanis, Evan; Taylor, Rod S; Kubik, Elizabeth K.; Foster, Michael A.; Hughes, Melissa

doi:10.1901/jaba.1998.31-291

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, the relationship between each of these relatively infrequent behaviors and total violations suggest that people who engage in these types of infrequent problematic behaviors also engage in high rates of other problem behaviors. Similar inappropriate verbal behaviors have been observed in a substance abuse treatment clinic setting (Petry et al 1998). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Professional Demeanor of Chronically Unemployed Cocaine-Dependent Methadone Patients in a Therapeutic Workplace

Carpenedo

Needham

Knealing

et al. 2007

Substance Use & Misuse

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This study assesses the frequency that users of illicit drugs display unprofessional behaviors in an employment setting. This research was conducted in the Therapeutic Workplace, a model employment-based treatment program for chronically unemployed adults with long-histories of illicit drug use. Unemployed adults in methadone treatment, who were opiate and cocaine dependent, showed signs of injection drug use, and recently used cocaine were hired to work for 4 hours every weekday for 7 months. Results show that while the overall incidence of many undesirable behaviors is low, a small percentage of participants had serious workplace behavior problems that might limit their success in community workplaces. This study suggests that unprofessional behavior in the workplace could contribute to chronic unemployment in this population. KeywordsEmployment; Heroin Addiction; Cocaine Addiction; Contingency management; Reinforcement; Vocation rehabilitation Chronic unemployment is a serious problem among individuals with long histories of illicit drug use, and has been associated with continued drug use, poor treatment outcome, and criminal activity (Platt, 1995). A recent review showed that employment interventions for unemployed adults who have histories of drug addiction have had mixed effects. Some interventions had little or no effect in increasing employment (e.g., Coviello et al. 2004;Hall et al. 1981b;Butler et al. 2004;Lidz et al. 2004); others increased the percentage of individuals who obtained paid employment (e.g., Hall et al. 1981a;Staines et al. 2004). Most evaluations of employment interventions reviewed examined whether individuals exposed to the employment interventions obtained a job. However, little research has been conducted to examine the extent to which program participants maintain employment over extended periods of time. The information that is available on longer-term outcomes suggests that many intervention graduates who obtain employment do not reliably maintain their employment over time (e.g., Platt et al. 1993;Kemp et al. 2004; Dickinson and Maynard, 1981 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptEvaluations of the few intensive programs that provide job skills training and supported employment show that many participants fail even to maintain their supported employment jobs and many who obtain competitive employment fail to maintain those jobs overtime (e.g., Dickinson and Maynard, 1981;Kemp et al. 2004). One of the most extensive and informative studies of employment interventions for illicit drugs users evaluated the effects of an intensive supported work intervention in 1,433 adults who were unemployed and who had been in substance use treatment within 6 months of enrollment in the study (Dickinson and Maynard, 1981). Participants were randomly assigned to receive the supported employment intervention or to a control condition. Supported employment participants could work in supported jobs for between 12 and 18 months. The supported jobs provid...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Professional Demeanor of Chronically Unemployed Cocaine-Dependent Methadone Patients in a Therapeutic Workplace

Carpenedo

Needham

Knealing

et al. 2007

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…In the current study, inappropriate statements may have been low because of being under aversive control (the presence of staff in all of the settings). Petry et al () found similar results in an outpatient substance abuse treatment center.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Improving Behavior in a Residential Service for Youth in Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation

Taylor

Mudford

2012

Behavioral Interventions

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A token reinforcement program, named 'Thumbs Up', was introduced in a residential therapeutic community for drug and alcohol rehabilitation. Sixteen young people aged 14-17 years participated for varying durations. Participants were able to negotiate target behaviors and choose backup reinforcers. We evaluated the program within a multiple baseline design across participants, settings, and behaviors. Improvements occurred in positive verbal statements across settings, timely room cleaning, and leadership responsibilities. Inappropriate statements were also measured and did not change. One staff member was trained in the use of Thumbs Up with positive results. Difficulties with implementing behavioral interventions in a non-behaviorally oriented treatment service were identified. Despite needing refinements, it was concluded that a token reinforcement program can be an effective and acceptable means of improving behavior within a therapeutic community framework.

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“…A major reason for the substantial attrition rates in home-visiting programs (25% to 75%) and poor outcomes are addictions and associated domestic violence 159-161. Thus, using simple cost-efficient tools such as contingency management has considerable public-health or safety benefits in reducing addictions among women and men of child-bearing age 157, 162-171…”

Section: A Useful Addition To Public-health Prevention Nomenclaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Vaccines and Evidence-Based Kernels: Nonpharmaceutical Approaches for the Prevention of Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders

Embry¹

2011

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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In March of 2009, the Institute of Medicine issued a new report on the Prevention of Mental, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People. 1 Fundamentally, the report calls for ending the rationing of prevention of mental, emotional and behavioral disorders (MEBs) among America's children, youth and young adults. Continued rationing of access to scientifically proven prevention causes a serious threat to the country's national security 2 and to our economic competitiveness compared to 22 other rich countries.3 Such MEBs are also the leading preventable cost center for local, state and the federal governments. 1,4 These preventable MEBs cause health-care costs to continue to spiral up.The IOM Report calls for a public-health approach to MEBs-basically like how America and Canada dealt with the polio epidemic, measles, mumps, car passenger injuries to children, and accidental poisoning from medications and toxic chemicals. Why is this necessary? America's rates of some of these mental, emotional and behavioral problems are worse than other developed countries, 5,6 and rates of some of these problems have objectively increased over the past 20-50 years in America. 7 The attributes of a public-health approach for MEBs are defined in the article.The article discusses multiple examples of how public health approaches might reduce or prevent MEBs using low-cost evidence based kernels, which are fundamental units of behavior. Such kernels can be used repeatedly, which then act as "behavioral vaccines" to reduce morbidity or mortality and/or improve human wellbeing. This document calls for six key policy actions to improve mental, emotional and behavioral health in young people-with resulting wellbeing and economic competiveness of North America and reducing health-care costs. Embry is an employee and stockholder of PAXIS Institute, which receives fees and royalties for research, products, consulting and other services related evidence-based kernels and behavioral vaccines. He is also stockholder and officer in a web-based company, SimpleGifts.com, designed to make evidence-based kernels accessible to individuals and organizations.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPsychiatr Clin North Am. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 March 1. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptKeywords evidence-based kernels; behavioral vaccines; prevention; public-healthThe Institute of Medicine Report on the Prevention of Mental, Emotional and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People 1 (IOM Report)...

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A Behavioral Intervention for Improving Verbal Behaviors of Heroin Addicts in a Treatment Clinic

Cited by 26 publications

References 2 publications

Professional Demeanor of Chronically Unemployed Cocaine-Dependent Methadone Patients in a Therapeutic Workplace

Professional Demeanor of Chronically Unemployed Cocaine-Dependent Methadone Patients in a Therapeutic Workplace

Improving Behavior in a Residential Service for Youth in Drug and Alcohol Rehabilitation

Behavioral Vaccines and Evidence-Based Kernels: Nonpharmaceutical Approaches for the Prevention of Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders

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