A bilayer composite composed of TiO₂-incorporated electrospun chitosan membrane and human extracellular matrix sheet as a wound dressing

Abstract

We designed bilayer composites composed of an upper layer of titanium dioxide (TiO2)-incorporated chitosan membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet as a wound dressing for full-thickness wound healing. The dense and fibrous top layer, which aims to protect the wound from bacterial infection, was prepared by electrospinning of chitosan solution followed by immersion in TiO2 solution. The sponge-like sub-layer, which aims to promote new tissue regeneration, was prepared with acellular ECM derived from human adipose tissue. Using a modified drop plate method, there was a 33.9 and 69.6% reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus on the bilayer composite, respectively. In an in vivo experiment using rats, the bilayer composites exhibited good biocompatibility and provided proper physicochemical and compositional cues at the wound site. Changes in wound size and histological examination of full-thickness wounds showed that the bilayer composites induced faster regeneration of granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation, than control wounds. Overall results suggest that the TiO2-incorporated chitosan/ECM bilayer composite can be a suitable candidate as a wound dressing, with an excellent inhibition of bacterial penetration and wound healing acceleration effects.

Chitosan-TiO2: A Versatile Hybrid Composite

“…Additionally, the in vivo open excision-type wound healing study in adult male albino rats revealed that CS-pectin-TiO 2 (99% of closure) had better results than CS (95%) and gauze (91%) after 16 days. Similarly, Woo et al [101] fabricated a wound dressing material with a bilayer composite of nano-TiO 2 combined with a CS membrane and a sub-layer of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) sheet, and reported that, from an in vivo experiment using rats, the TiO 2 -CS-ECM had faster regeneration of the granulation tissue and epidermis with less scar formation in comparison with control wounds. It has been suggested that the wound-healing effect of the CS-TiO 2 composite is related to the regulation of re-epithelialization and inflammation process [76].…”

Nanoparticles and nanofibers for topical drug delivery

“…An in vivo rat study confirmed the effectiveness of AgNPs-MADO fiber mats, where full thickness wounds treated for 15 days showed higher wound healing rates (92%) compared to controls (51%) and MADO-alone fiber mats (65%). Similarly, Woo et al developed a bilayered construct with an upper layer consisting of TiO 2 -loaded chitosan nanofibers and a lower layer consisting of human adipose-derived extracellular matrix [159]. The bilayered construct was shown to have in vitro bactericidal activity against E. coli and S. aureus and inhibit bacterial penetration and accelerate wound healing in vivo in a rat model.…”

Recent developments and clinical potential on decellularized adipose tissue

“…However, the ECM prepared at this stage could not be called DAT yet. Later on, Choi et al combined the homogenization method with chemical detergents and enzymatic treatment, further improved the effectiveness of decellularization, and obtained DAT . Ultrasonic homogenization had been used once in the study of Wang et al but the article did not demonstrate the difference between ultrasonic and homogenizer .…”