A bilevel model for multivariate risk analysis of pedestrians’ crossing behavior at signalized intersections

Abstract

Pedestrians who cross streets during the red-man phase of traffic light signals expose themselves to safety and health hazards and hence are considered to be at risk. Pedestrians' street-crossing behavior is in general the outcome of interaction between pedestrians and vehicles: the gaps between vehicles provide an opportunity for pedestrians to cross the street, and pedestrians may or may not accept the street-crossing risk during the red-man phase. In this paper, we propose a multivariate method to investigate pedestrians' risk exposure associated with unsafe crossings. The proposed method consists of two hierarchically interconnected generalized linear models that characterize two different facets of the unsafe crossing behavior. It gauges pedestrians' attitudes toward risk-taking and also measures the impact of potential risk factors on pedestrians' intended waiting times during the red-man phase of the traffic lights. A Bayesian approach with the data augmentation method is used to draw statistical inference for the parameters associated with risk exposure. The proposed method is illustrated using field traffic data.

Simulation study of interference of crossings pedestrian and vehicle traffic at a single lane roundabout

“…However, in the exit lanes, just before 5 the crosswalk is congested; while after it the flow remains free. Here, the increase of P cr makes the traffic condition of 6 roundabout worse, and more interference between pedestrians and vehicles are occurred. Indeed, pedestrians work as a 7 barrier for the entering and exiting traffic because vehicles must slow down and stop to yield to pedestrians.…”

“…The maximum velocity and the gap are 5 denoted as V max and d i , respectively. 6 The vehicles at the circulating lane and far from the crosswalk obey these updating rules, while the nearest vehicle to 7 crosswalk must move slowly and adjust its velocity according to the gap d i as follow:…”

“…Many 3 observed traffic phenomenon have been successfully described by computer simulation with various models, e.g. car 4 following, Fluid-dynamical method, and Cellular automaton (CA) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. This later has been adopted extremely and well 5 received as a good tool to study the traffic and/or pedestrian dynamics [8][9][10][11][12]14].…”

“…5 2. Model and method 6 1. Roundabout model 7 We consider one-dimensional closed chain of L 1 cells (circulating lane) with four entry/exit lanes of L 2 cells which are 8 equidistantly located with respect to each other.…”

“…Congested-Free (C-F) vehicle traffic becomes congested but the pedestrian one still free, here 6 vehicles spend more time to pass the crosswalk because they stop to avoid accidents which increases the interactions 7 between vehicles. Congested-Congested (C-C) the pedestrian traffic transits into congested while the vehicle traffic remains 8 Congested, in this phase; as the injecting rate α 1 increases as vehicles interactions increase, consequently the probability 9 to find an accepted gap by pedestrian decreases which cause a significant delay to waiting pedestrians and prolong the After exploring the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow (pedestrians and vehicles) and the character of phase diagram, 1 we analyze how the location of the crosswalk (N cr ), can increase or decrease the roundabout performance.…”