A BIM-GIS integration method in support of the assessment and 3D visualisation of flood damage to a building

A Critical Review of the Integration of Geographic Information System and Building Information Modelling at the Data Level

“…By far, the best practice for making 3D models for GIS is still using CAD or BIM software, such as Revit and SketchUp. The detailed 3D models created in BIM could not only help GIS extend its scope by applying spatial analysis at a finer scale, for example, using building models to establish indoor networks for emergency response [30], extending noise assessment from regional-level to room-level [31], and evaluating the influence of flood at building level [32], but also better serve the needs of emerging studies on smart cities and finer grained natural hazard impact assessments [33], as well as widening its application in the AEC/FM domain, such as constructing high energy efficiency buildings [34] and minimizing construction waste [35]. The most important contribution of BIM to GIS would be providing detailed 3D building models, as well as their rich building information.…”

“…Kang and Hong [29] classified them into five groups based on similar subject keywords, namely schema-based, service-based, ontology-based, processes-based, and system-based approaches. Meanwhile, Amirebrahimi, Rajabifard et al [33] gave a three-level framework, which groups those studies into application, process, and data level. At the data level, data structures are modified to meet the requirements of the other application, or existing data standards are extended.…”

Processing BIM and GIS Models in Practice: Experiences and Recommendations from a GeoBIM Project in The Netherlands

“…The GeoBIM project instead focused on realising the integration in practice and at the data level. By contrast, Amirebrahimi et al [4] discusses how the integration can also be performed at the process and application levels.…”

“…Amirebrahimi et al [4] extends the data model of GML (and not CityGML) to create a unified model supporting two specific applications (visualisation and flood damage assessment to specific buildings). Kang [21] introduces a conceptual mapping standard B2GM, which links BIM to GIS based on the ISO 19166 standard.…”

“…Even as researchers and practitioners have studied how to best share information between BIM and GIS and how to address all the differences from different perspectives (Section 2.2), it is still very hard (if not impossible) to share 3D information among different users throughout the life cycle of urban and environmental processes, i.e., from plan, design and construction to maintenance-especially when trying to do so using open standards. Moreover, most of the research conducted so far has focused on the high-level and semantic aspects of GIS-BIM integration (e.g., conceptually mapping equivalent types) [2][3][4][5], mostly avoiding the more complex tasks involving geometric processing (e.g., conversions, geometric validation and automated tests using said geometries in a manner that is consistent with how geometries are represented in both domains). Without a domain-aware geometry conversion/integration, it it not possible to use the resulting datasets as input in the existing software packages used in the BIM and the GIS communities.…”