“…The distinct SERS peaks of E. coli are observed at 791, 931, 1183, 1253, 1330, 1411, 1478, and 1633 cm –1 (Table S7), and these peaks represent nucleic acids (cytidine, uracil), DNA, ν(C–C) in proteins, G (external ν(C–N)), amide III, ν(NH 2 ) adenine, polyadenine, DNA (bacteria), and δ(CH) in nucleic acids; δ(CH) in proteins; and δ(CH 3 ) in lipids and purine A, G ring. − The peak at 1253 cm –1 belongs to amide III of the bacteria surface, the peak at 1411 cm –1 belongs to the δ(CH 3 ) (lipid) and amide δ(CH) (protein) peaks, and the peak at 1633 cm –1 is a possible contribution from amide. − In sum, the NWFs/Au–Ag sensor bridges the existing gap between the bodily strain detection and bio/chemical molecule recognition during the wearable sensing. In the future, such integrated and multifunctional sensing strategy is necessary for wearable, noninvasive, and simultaneous analysis of health and personalized medicine.…”