A biochemical, physiological and molecular evaluation of how the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intercedes photosynthesis and diazotrophy in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1

Sachu, Meguovilie; Kynshi, Balakyntiewshisha Lyngdoh; Syiem, Mayashree B.

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-18000-5

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Between D1 and RuBisCO proteins, D1 was more sensitive to the MCPA exposure. Similar ndings were also observed in presence of the herbicide 2,4-D (Sachu et al 2022). Thus, the reduction in the major proteins involved in the carbon xating process (D1 and RuBisCO) manifested in compromised production of carbohydrates in the organism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Low doses of the herbicide (20 ppm) may have been responsible for initiating oxidant generation within the cells, which the cells responded to by increasing antioxidant measures such as increased carotenoids production, among other things (Demmig-Adams. 1990Sachu et al 2022). The molecular docking study showed that the herbicide MCPA could bind to the active sites of RuBisCO and D1 protein via hydrogen bonds with low binding energies that indicated strong and favourable binding between the proteins and the herbicide molecule.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Herbicide MCPA regulates photosynthesis by repressing gene expression in a cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum MEG 1: A molecular interaction study

Sachu

Ganguly

Bhathacharjee

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The goal of this study was to determine how the herbicide MCPA interacts/binds to two vital proteins of the electron transport system of PS II and photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1, as well as how the MCPA affects and regulates the photosynthetic activity of the organism at the molecular level by examining the gene expression of some key proteins involved in the electron transport chain and carbohydrate production in the Calvin cycle. A molecular docking study revealed that MCPA forms hydrogen bonding with amino acid residues in both the proteins (RuBisCO and D1 protein). TEM study revealed that at 20 ppm MCPA exposure, no significant changes in cellular structure were observed. However, increasing concentrations of MCPA (40 and 80 ppm) caused damage to the cyanobacterium's ultrastructure. Seven days’ exposure to herbicide MCPA (20, 40, and 80 ppm) affects the photo-pigment contents, though at 20 and 40 ppm there was a slight increase in the concentration of carotenoid. It also negatively affects the water-splitting activity, PSII, RuBisCO content, and carbohydrate concentration, resulting in decreased organism biomass. The RT-PCR analysis of D1 protein and RuBisCO mRNA levels revealed a significant decrease in content due to herbicide MCPA exposure. Our finding indicates that up to 20 ppm exposure, the herbicide MCPA does not affect the organism dilapidated in all the parameters studied. However, above that dose (40 and 80 ppm), all the parameters studied experienced a substantial negative effect which may lead to the membrane distortion, cellular deterioration, and apoptosis of the cells as seen under the TEM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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confidence: 99%

Herbicide MCPA regulates photosynthesis by repressing gene expression in a cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum MEG 1: A molecular interaction study

Sachu

Ganguly

Bhathacharjee

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…In one study, 2,4-D was found to inhibit phosphatase activities in soil [8]. Meanwhile, 2,4-D has been found to inhibit nitrogenase activity in Klebsiella pneumoniae [22] and Nostoc muscorum Meg 1 [23], while stimulating it in Enterobacter agglomerans [22]. A similar trend was observed among nitrifying bacteria, where 2,4-D treatment inhibited autotrophic nitrifiers while stimulating heterotrophic nitrifiers [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Impact of 2,4-D and Glyphosate on Soil Enzyme Activities in a Resistant Maize Cropping System

Tyler

2022

Agronomy

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Crop varieties resistant to multiple herbicides have been developed to provide better control of weed populations in row-crop fields where glyphosate resistance has become common. These new varieties include lines of maize (Zea mays) resistant to both glyphosate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). As these herbicides have the potential to impact microbial communities in soil, there is concern that their co-application may have a greater effect on activities linked to soil nutrient cycling than if they were applied individually. To investigate this possibility, a field study was conducted on 2,4-D+glyphosate-resistant maize to determine the impact of 2,4-D alone and 2,4-D+glyphosate on extracellular enzyme activity in both bulk and rhizosphere soil. Maize was treated at the V2 and V8 developmental stages. Changes in soil activities were small in magnitude and inconsistent between timepoints. 2,4-D+glyphosate-treated plots had higher beta-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, and phosphatase activities, but only after the V2 application in bulk soil in the first year of the study, while no significant effects were observed in the rhizosphere. Enzyme activities were more impacted by soil organic matter than herbicide treatments. These results suggest that, when applied at label rates, 2,4-D+glyphosate application will not adversely affect soil microbial enzyme activities.

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“…Consequently, wetland microorganisms could be highly susceptible to its toxic effects with limited capacity to degrade it. Previous research has found some species use 2,4-D as a C source, whereas other species are toxicologically inhibited (Benndorf et al, 2004;Zabaloy et al, 2008;Sachu et al, 2022). Research in microcosms has also found that increased 2,4-D concentrations resulted in inhibition of CH4 oxidation, decreases in CH4 removal time, and increased CH4 emissions (Syamsul Arif et al, 1996;Kumaraswamy et al, 1997;Top et al, 1999).…”

Section: 4-dmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on How Glyphosate and 2,4-D May Impact Climate Change

Cornish,

Sweetman

2023

Preprint

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An increase in herbicide use is occurring due to a growing population and herbicide-resistant crops in agriculture, which has resulted in more herbicide tolerant target species. Glyphosate and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) are two of the most commonly used herbicides worldwide and are more recently being used in combination in pre-mixed commercial formulas. Subsequently, herbicide contamination of wetlands will increase subjecting microorganisms to multiple chemical stressors. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas naturally emitted from wetlands, but herbicides may disrupt biogeochemical processes leading to an unbalanced methane cycle. This perspective examined the potential effects of herbicides on climate change using glyphosate and 2,4-D as a case study. We highlighted previous research on glyphosate-derived nutrient enrichment and 2,4-D inhibition of methane oxidation. We also explained how the concurrent effects of these herbicides could alter microbial communities leading to increased methane production in wetlands. Our perspective elucidates the potential ecosystem-level implications of herbicides in wetlands, in addition to stating the importance for research on the combined effects of herbicides.

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A biochemical, physiological and molecular evaluation of how the herbicide 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intercedes photosynthesis and diazotrophy in the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum Meg 1

Cited by 10 publications

References 68 publications

Herbicide MCPA regulates photosynthesis by repressing gene expression in a cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum MEG 1: A molecular interaction study

Herbicide MCPA regulates photosynthesis by repressing gene expression in a cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum MEG 1: A molecular interaction study

Impact of 2,4-D and Glyphosate on Soil Enzyme Activities in a Resistant Maize Cropping System

A Perspective on How Glyphosate and 2,4-D May Impact Climate Change

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