A block in release of progeny virus and a high particle-to-infectious unit ratio contribute to poor growth of enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 in cell culture

Abstract

The fastidious enteric adenovirus (FEAd) types 40 (Ad4O) and 41 (Ad4l) are found in stool specimens of infants and young children in association with gastroenteritis. Although they can be isolated routinely from clinical specimens by using 293 cells, they are propagated with variable success in cell lines which support the replication of other adenovirus serotypes. HeLa cells are generally considered to be nonpermissive for the replication of FEAds, but in this study, Ad4O and Ad4l grew to comparable titers in individual 293 and HeLa cells. However, virus was not efficiently released from infected HeLa cells and thus did not undergo multiple cycles of infection in HeLa cell cultures. The block in virus release was not overcome in KB18 cells which, like 293 cells, constitutively express proteins encoded by the E1B region of a subgroup C adenovirus (in this case Ad2). Moreover, it was apparent from these studies that Ad4O and Ad41 have particle-to-infectious unit ratios several orders of magnitude greater than that for AdS, even in 293 cells which express the ElA and E1B proteins of Ad5 and are considered to be permissive for replication of the FEAds. Neither the block in release of progeny virus nor the high particle-to-infectious unit ratio is explained solely by the defect in expression of the E1B 55K protein identified by Mautner et al. (V.

The simultaneous detection of both enteroviruses and adenoviruses in environmental water samples including tap water with an integrated cell culture-multiplex-nested PCR procedure

“…It was noted that all of the CPE-negative but ICC-PCR positive samples were determined as adenovirus positive (Table 1). This could be explained by the character of adenoviruses, which do not show apparent CPE and replicate slower than other enteric viruses (Brown et al 1992).…”

“…The fastidiousness of enteric adenoviruses has made it difficult to select an optimum cell line for culturing these viruses (Brown et al 1992;Tiemessen and Kidd 1994). As a result, there are few cells known to be capable of enteric adenoviruses.…”

Novel adenovirus vaccine vectors based on the enteric-tropic serotype 41

“…The growth of wild-type Ad41 on cultured cell lines has been successful to varying degrees [45,46,47,48]. The growth of Ad41 Tak on the 293 cell line has been shown to generate infectious progeny but of poor yield and quality: with a capsid assembly defect, productivity of only 1 to 15 infectious units per cell, and high particle to infectious unit ratios [47,48]. The work here demonstrated efficient rescue of both wild-type Ad41 and E1-deleted rAd41 from naked DNA using the 293-ORF6 cell line.…”

Feasibility of methods based on nucleic acid amplification techniques to fulfil the requirements for microbiological analysis of water quality

“…Variability in the total to infectious target microorganism ratio is more accentuated in the case of viruses, where the particle-to-infectious unit ratio varies from stock to stock. Indeed, any stock of DNA and RNA animal viruses, even those recently obtained, contains both infectious and noninfectious physical particles (Cole et al 1971;Huang 1973;Brown et al 1992;Ko et al 2003;Trask and Dormitzer 2006). This variability depends on the virus, the cell line or the host used to grow the virus and the stock used to infect the cell culture or the animal host.…”