A bloom of Azadinium polongum in coastal waters off Peru

Tillmann, Urban; Sánchez-Ramírez, Sonia; Krock, Bernd; Bernales-Jiménez, Avy

doi:10.4067/s0718-19572017000300015

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Azadinium has been relatively recently described (Tillmann et al, 2009) and identified as an azaspiracid (AZA) toxin producer (Krock et al, 2009a). This genus has since been observed from the North Sea (Krock et al, 2009b), British Isles (Luo et al, 2017;Salas et al, 2011;Tillmann et al, 2014Tillmann et al, , 2012, Norway (Tillmann et al, 2018), China (Gu et al, 2013;Krock et al, 2014), France, Mediterranean (Luo et al, 2016), Korea (Potvin et al, 2012), Argentina (Tillmann et al, 2016), South-East Pacific (Tillmann et al, 2017b) and the U.S.A. (Kim et al, 2017). Amphidoma languida Tillmann, Salas & Elbrächter taxonomically related to Azadinium (Nézan et al, 2012), was recently reported from the Spanish south-western coast in the gulf of Cadiz, approximately 150 km east from Sagres (Tillmann et al, 2017a); A. languida had a specific azaspiracid toxins profile, and the accumulation of AZA in the mussel tissue was confirmed (together with other DSP toxins), resulting in DSP syndrome detected by mouse bioassay.…”

Section: Hab Species Detected In the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful phytoplankton diversity and dynamics in an upwelling region (Sagres, SW Portugal) revealed by ribosomal RNA microarray combined with microscopy

et al. 2019

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The study region in Sagres, SW Portugal, is subject to natural eutrophication of coastal waters by winddriven upwelling, which stimulates high primary productivity facilitating the recent economic expansion of bivalve aquaculture in the region. However, this economic activity is threatened by harmful algal blooms (HAB) caused by Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis spp. and other HAB dinoflagellates, all of which can produce toxins, that can induce Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). This study couples traditional microscopy with 18S/28S rRNA microarray to improve the detection of HAB species and investigates the relation between HAB and the specific oceanographic conditions in the region. Good agreement was obtained between microscopy and microarray data for diatoms of genus Pseudo-nitzschia and dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp., Gymnodinium catenatum and raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo, with less effective results for Prorocentrum. Microarray provided detection of flagellates Prymnesium spp., Pseudochattonella spp., Chloromorum toxicum and the important HAB dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium and Azadinium, with the latter being the first recorded from the study region. Seasonality and upwelling induced by northerly winds were found to be the driving forces of HAB development, with Pseudo-nitzschia spp. causing the risk of ASP during spring and summer upwelling 2 season, and dinoflagellates causing the risk of DSP and PSP during upwelling relaxation, mainly in summer and autumn. The findings were in agreement with the results from toxicity monitoring of shellfish by the Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA, 2014(IPMA, -2016 and confirm the suitability of the RNA microarray method for HAB detection and aquaculture management applications.

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Section: Hab Species Detected In the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmful phytoplankton diversity and dynamics in an upwelling region (Sagres, SW Portugal) revealed by ribosomal RNA microarray combined with microscopy

et al. 2019

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“…However, maximum abundance in the range of 3 × 10 3 cells L −1 are still low compared to bloom concentrations of Amphidomataceae that may be as high as 10 6 cells L −1 (Az. polongum bloom in Peru, (Tillmann et al, 2017b) or 10 7 cells L −1 (Az. luciferelloides in Argentina, (Akselman and Negri, 2012)).…”

Section: Distribution Diversity and Abundances Of Amphidomataceaementioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and distribution of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) in Danish coastal waters of the North Sea, the Limfjord and the Kattegat/Belt area

Wietkamp

Krock

et al. 2019

Harmful Algae

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Some species of the dinophytes Azadinium and Amphidoma (Amphidomataceae) produce azaspiracids (AZA), lipophilic polyether compounds responsible for Azaspiracid Shellfish Poisoning (AZP) in humans after consumption of contaminated seafood. Toxigenic Amphidomataceae are known to occur in the North Atlantic and the North Sea area, but little is known about their importance in Danish coastal waters. In 2016, 44 Stations were sampled on a survey along the Danish coastline, covering the German Bight, Limfjord, the Kattegat area, Great Belt and Kiel Bight. Samples were analysed by live microscopy, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) on the presence of Amphidomataceae and AZA. Amphidomataceae were widely distributed in the area, but were below detection limit on most of the inner Limfjord stations. Cell abundances of the three toxigenic species, determined with species-specific qPCR assays on Azadinium spinosum, Az. poporum and Amphidoma languida, were generally low and restricted to the North Sea and the northern Kattegat, which was in agreement with the distribution of the generally low AZA abundances in plankton samples. Among the toxigenic species, Amphidoma languida was dominant with highest cell densities up to 3 × 10 3 cells L −1 on North Sea stations and at the western entrance of the Limfjord. Azaspiracids detected in plankton samples include low levels of AZA-1 at one station of the North Sea, and higher levels of AZA-38 and -39 (up to 1.5 ng L −1 ) in the North Sea and the Limfjord entrance. Furthermore, one new AZA (named AZA-63) was discovered in plankton of two North Sea stations. Morphological, molecular, and toxinological characterisation of 26 newly established strains from the area confirmed the presence of four amphidomatacean species (Az. obesum, Az. dalianense, Az. poporum and Am. languida). The single new strain of Az. poporum turned out as a member of Ribotype A2, which was previously only known from the Mediterranean. Consistent with some of these Mediterranean A2 strains, but different to the previously established AZA-37 producing Az. poporum Ribotype A1 strains from Denmark, the new strain did not contain any AZA. Azaspiracids were also absent in all Az. obesum and Az. dalianense strains, but AZA-38 and -39 were found in all Am. languida strains with total AZA cell quotas ranging from 0.08 up to 94 fg cell −1 . In conclusion, AZA-producing microalgae and their respective toxins were low in abundance but widely present in the area, and thus might be considered in local monitoring programs to preserve seafood safety in Danish coastal waters. the respective biotoxins, which can cause large fish kills or potential health problems in human seafood consumers. Most threatening for Danish waters currently are fish killing species of Pseudochattonella, which since about 20 years has become well established in Scandinavian waters and form recurrent massive blooms in the North Sea and Skagerrak (Jakobsen et al., 2012). Another fish ki...

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“…polongum from Peru (Tillmann et al . 2017a), whereas such a contact is consistently present in the type material of Az. polongum (Tillmann et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new Azadinium strains revealed a high diversity of non‐toxigenic species of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) including two new Azadinium species in Irish waters, North East Atlantic

Salas

Tillmann

et al. 2021

Phycological Research

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SUMMARY Shellfish contamination with azaspiracids (AZA), which are lipophilic marine biotoxins produced by marine dinoflagellates, is a major and recurrent problem for the Irish shellfish industry. AZA are produced by certain species of Amphidomataceae, but the species diversity of this group of microalgae in Irish waters is poorly known. Here we present a morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new strains of non‐toxigenic Azadinium isolated on an oceanographic survey in 2018. A lack of AZA production for all strains presented here was demonstrated by LC‐MS/MS analysis. One strain of Azadinium caudatum var. margalefii (first strain for the area) confirmed non‐toxigenicity of Atlantic populations of this species. One strain designated as Azadinium cf. zhuanum was similar to Az. zhuanum described from China but differed from the type strain in nucleus position, by the dominant number of apical plates, and by significant differences in rRNA gene sequences. Finally, two new non‐toxigenic Azadinium species are described from the North East Atlantic: Azadinium galwayense sp. nov. and Azadinium perfusorium sp. nov. Azadinium galwayense differed from other Azadinium by a characteristic combination regarding presence and location of the ventral pore (vp; on the right side of the pore plate), of a pyrenoid (located in the episome), and by a pentagonal shape of the median anterior intercalary plate 2a, and lack of contact between plates 1″ and 1a. Azadinium perfusorium shared the same vp position as Az. galwayense and differed by a characteristic combination of a pyrenoid located in the hyposome, a tetragonal shape of plate 2a, and a relatively large size of the two lateral anterior intercalary plates. Molecular phylogeny confirmed the distinctiveness of these two new species and their placement in Azadinium. The present findings significantly increased knowledge on the diversity of Azadinium species in the North East Atlantic.

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A bloom of Azadinium polongum in coastal waters off Peru

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Harmful phytoplankton diversity and dynamics in an upwelling region (Sagres, SW Portugal) revealed by ribosomal RNA microarray combined with microscopy

Harmful phytoplankton diversity and dynamics in an upwelling region (Sagres, SW Portugal) revealed by ribosomal RNA microarray combined with microscopy

Occurrence and distribution of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) in Danish coastal waters of the North Sea, the Limfjord and the Kattegat/Belt area

Morphological and molecular characterization of multiple new Azadinium strains revealed a high diversity of non‐toxigenic species of Amphidomataceae (Dinophyceae) including two new Azadinium species in Irish waters, North East Atlantic

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