A Brief History of National Surveillance Efforts for Periodontal Disease in the United States

Abstract

National efforts directed toward improving our understanding of the epidemiology of periodontal disease began nearly a half century ago following the development of Russell's periodontal index (PI). United States Public Health Service agencies began national surveillance activities for periodontal disease with the first National Health Examination Survey in 1960 to 1962, and this continued periodically through 2004 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Periodontal disease status was assessed by using the PI in the earlier national health surveys, but beginning in the 1980s, direct measures for clinical attachment loss were made in national health surveys and continued through 2004 in NHANES. This article provides a general history of the development and implementation of national surveillance efforts for periodontal disease from the mid‐1950s to 2005. It also provides brief background information on the factors that have influenced these national surveillance efforts.

Deoxypyridinoline level in gingival crevicular fluid as alveolar bone loss biomarker in periodontal disease

“…In severe periodontitis, there is loss attachment more than 3 mm, periodontal pocket more than 5 mm, and bleeding on probing. 7,9 Having taken GCF from teeth was based on clinical examination and radiographic, particularly first molar of maxilla. If first molar was missing, it could be substituted by second molar or second premolar.…”

“…6 Shibutani showed that deoxypyridinoline level in gingival crevicular fluid, urine, and serum can be used to detect periodontitis in beagle dog. 7 Dentists need information and examination for determining diagnostic of periodontal disease. They used clinical examination such as probing depth, bleeding on probing, loss attachment, plaque index, and radiographic examination.…”

“…The advantage of this method is easy, cheap and non invasive. 7 However, this examination only can detect alveolar bone destruction in late period or the destruction is more than 3 mm. 8 Recent it is being developed procedures for a more practical examination.…”

Parodontite maternelle et causes d’accouchement prématuré

“…Les parodontites sont des maladies inflammatoires d'origine infectieuse qui induisent une destruction des tissus de soutien dentaires et dont la physiopathologie peut être influencée par des facteurs prédisposants liés à l'hôte. Bien que les populations étudiées et les définitions utilisées diffèrent [3], la prévalence des formes sévères de parodontites chroniques est d'environ 10 à 35 % dans les pays industrialisés [4][5][6][7]. Les parodontites, principalement causées par des bactéries anaérobies à Gram négatif, mettent en jeu une hyper-réactivité immunitaire vis-à-vis de la flore parodontale pathogène et une réponse pro-inflammatoire locale et systé-mique [8,9].…”

Inactivation of Cyclic Di-GMP Binding Protein TDE0214 Affects the Motility, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence of Treponema denticola

“…In the United States, approximately 30% of adults have moderate or severe disease (31). Periodontitis is triggered by overgrowth of microbial biofilms (also known as plaques).…”