A Broad Transition from Cloud Forest to Páramo Characterizes an Undisturbed Treeline in Parque Nacional Llanganates, Ecuador

Hofstede, Robert; Dickinson, Katharine J. M.; Mark, A. F.; Narváez, Edwin

doi:10.1657/1938-4246-46.4.975

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Both factors interact to deter-460 mine incident radiation and temperature regimes at the local scale. These results are supported by previous studies within the same study area (Ramírez et al 2009;Llambí et al 2014) and the Ecuadorian Andes (Keating 1999;Wille et al 2002;465 Bader et al 2008;Bader and Ruijten 2008;Hofstede et al 2014), documenting the relationship of species abundance and forest cover patterns across the tropical treeline. The thermal amplitude of the studied gradient (where trees are replaced by char-470 acteristic páramo PLF), ranged from 8.2 to 6.7°C, corresponding with the mean growing season temperature range that defines the treeline globally (Körner 2012).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In the tropical Andes, the transition between the upper montane forest and grassland páramo (treeline ecotone) is a zone of particular interest due its outstanding species and functional diversity (Bader et al 2007a; Ramírez et al 2009;Hofstede et al 2014;Peters et al 2014;Llambí 2015). The treeline is characterised by clear physiognomic changes with elevation, where tussock grasses, small sclerophyllous shrubs and caulescent rosettes replace trees and tall shrubs (Sklenář and Jørgensen 1999;Arzac et al 2011;Sarmiento Pinzón and León Moya 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling the effect of temperature changes on plant life-form distribution across a treeline ecotone in the tropical Andes

Arzac

Llambí

Dulhoste

et al. 2019

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling the effect of temperature changes on plant life-form distribution across a treeline ecotone in the tropical Andes

Arzac

Llambí

Dulhoste

et al. 2019

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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“…The same phenomenon is common in other inter-Andean regions in the northern tropical Andes (Sarmiento 1986;Rada et al 2019). Even though our data represent just one year of measurements, they indicate that San Jose páramo can be characterized as a dry treeline, very different from, for example, La Aguada, the location for most studies about treeline vegetation in the Venezuelan Andes in the past three decades (see Llambí 2015 for a review) and from other humid treelines studied along the northern Andes (Wille et al 2002;Bader et al 2007b;Hofstede et al 2014).…”

Section: General Climate and Microclimate At The Plot Levelmentioning

confidence: 66%

Patterns in climate and seedling establishment at a dry tropical treeline

et al. 2022

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In some internal valleys of the northern Andes, precipitation at treeline elevation is seasonal, with one or two dry periods that could exert a strong control on tree seedling survival. However, little is known about (1) the severity of the dry periods, due to a lack of climate data, or (2) the effect of drought on tree seedling demographic dynamics and how this is modulated by local plant interactions in these tropical-alpine ecosystems. We studied annual precipitation variation and seedling demography and ecophysiology in relation to microclimate and neighboring plants in a dry treeline ecotone at 3100 m a.s.l in the Venezuelan Andes. We selected seedlings of the dominant tree species Cybianthus marginatus and Clusia multiflora at three sites, each with three adjacent 10 × 10-m plots within the forest, forest border, and páramo. For both species, seedling density was zero in the páramo and did not differ between border and forest. Growth rates were low for both species, but higher for Cybianthus in the border than in the forest. Survival rates were high in both environments. Low assimilation and transpiration rates were found in both species regardless of the environment. The spatial association of seedlings with moisture-regulating elements such as mosses, ferns and basal rosettes may indicate a benefit of better hydric conditions in their neighborhood. Our study shows a strong limitation for tree establishment in the páramo, but high rates of survival at the edge of the forest. This suggests a scenario of slow potential forest expansion at this tropical treeline, tree cover advancing in a closed front by the successive formation of forest-edge vegetation allowing tree seedling establishment outside of the forest.

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“…The Cajas páramo is known to have been connected to other páramos in the north and south during the last glaciation (Hofstede et al, 2014b). Many species are therefore shared with the central páramos in Ecuador, and a large number of the species recorded on the western slope of the CNP are shared with the páramos in the province of Loja and the northern range in Peru (Herbario Azuay, 2021), very probably because their common characteristic is their climatic condition.…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the vascular flora in the Cajas National Park (Central Andes, Ecuador)

et al. 2022

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The Cajas National Park (CNP) is located 30 km from the city of Cuenca (Ecuador), in the western Andean chain and occupies an area of almost 30,000 ha, between 3300-4450 m of altitude, and includes various ecosystems: subpáramo, herbaceous paramo and super-páramo, which include grasslands (dominant in CNP), wetlands, Polylepis sp. pl. and scrubs; above 4200 m, bush communities adapted to extreme edaphoclimatic conditions dominate. For the elaboration of the catalogue of the vascular flora of the CNP, we compiled, refined and analysed the information available in the herbaria of the University of Azuay (Cuenca, Ecuador) (HA), Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Ecuador (QCA) and Tropicos® database, with records of altitudes above 3300 m asl and our collections in the years 2012-2019. 666 species are documented, belonging to 264 genera and 89 botanical families; we describe their biological form (biotype), habitat, distribution ‒with special attention to endemic and non-native species‒ and degree of threat. Finally, the data for each of these criteria are jointly analysed and compared with other Andean mountain ranges. Dichondra macrocalyx Meisn. and Piptochaetium tovarii Sánchez Vega are reported for the first time in Ecuador.

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A Broad Transition from Cloud Forest to Páramo Characterizes an Undisturbed Treeline in Parque Nacional Llanganates, Ecuador

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Modelling the effect of temperature changes on plant life-form distribution across a treeline ecotone in the tropical Andes

Modelling the effect of temperature changes on plant life-form distribution across a treeline ecotone in the tropical Andes

Patterns in climate and seedling establishment at a dry tropical treeline

Analysis of the vascular flora in the Cajas National Park (Central Andes, Ecuador)

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