A Building Classification System for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment

Silva, Vítor; Brzev, Svetlana; Scawthorn, Charles; Yepes, Catalina; Dabbeek, Jamal; Crowley, Helen

doi:10.1007/s13753-022-00400-x

Cited by 69 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the following, the application of the methodology elaborated to assess FCs is tested in San Jose (Costa Rica). The GEM building taxonomy (Silva et al, 2022) is used to characterize the typologies of FCs evaluated according to their attributes in a uniform classification scheme.…”

Section: Application To Costa Rica: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A methodology to assess and select seismic fragility curves: Application to the case of Costa Rica

Navas-Sánchez,

Jiménez-Martínez,

González-Rodrigo

et al. 2023

Earthquake Spectra

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Different seismic risk studies have been carried out in the Central American region to quantify the human and economic losses caused by seismic events. The appropriate use of seismic fragility curves (FCs) allows a better approximation of the level of performance of a structural system in the face of seismic hazards. In this respect, an inadequate selection of FCs can lead to a notably unreliable estimation of damages and losses. This research contributes a methodology for assessing and selecting FCs for seismic risk studies from a catalog of existing proposals available in the literature. The methodology has been applied to the case study of Costa Rica, encompassing a bibliographic search, meetings with Central American experts, and the compilation of a catalog with the FCs used in different vulnerability projects. The conclusion drawn is that FCs with very different probabilities of damage are being used in the diverse vulnerability projects for buildings with the same attributes. Moreover, the proposed methodology allows knowing the reliability level of the FCs obtained depending on which class the curve was classified into based on its score. Therefore, it allows the adequacy and uncertainty related to the selected FCs to be established, a subject that researchers should consider in seismic vulnerability and risk studies.

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Section: Application To Costa Rica: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A methodology to assess and select seismic fragility curves: Application to the case of Costa Rica

Navas-Sánchez,

Jiménez-Martínez,

González-Rodrigo

et al. 2023

Earthquake Spectra

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“…RiskScape implements in a single software system either modeller-defined or existing data classifications (e.g. Silva et al 2022;Dabbeek and Silva 2020) designed to quantify risk from multiple hazard, object-exposure and vulnerability interrelationships. Secondly, geoprocessing and spatial sampling operations perform spatio-temporal analyses for multiple hazard types and intensity metrics acting on object-exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RiskScape: a flexible multi-hazard risk modelling engine

et al. 2022

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This paper presents the architecture and features of RiskScape software. RiskScape is an open-source software with a flexible modelling engine for multi-hazard risk analysis. The RiskScape engine implements modeller-defined risk quantification workflows as ‘model pipelines’. Model pipeline steps and functions analyse hazard, exposure, and vulnerability data across different spatio-temporal domains using geoprocessing and spatial sampling operations. The RiskScape engine supports deterministic and probabilistic risk quantification, with several probabilistic-based modes described in this paper. RiskScape advances modelling software for multi-hazard risk analysis through several implementation features. The RiskScape engine operates model pipelines independent of system prescribed model input data classifications or standards. Multiple hazard types, metric intensities, and temporal occurrence information is geometry processed and sampled to create coverage data of simultaneous or sequenced multi-hazard events at object-exposure locations. Escalating multi-hazard event impacts are then determined for object-exposures using scripted conditional or nested statements that apply vulnerability functions in a logical sequence of temporal hazard and impact occurrence. These model features, supported by open geospatial consortium standard geospatial data files and operations, expedite RiskScape for modelling multi-hazard risk at any geographical location or scale.

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“…The ReSCOOL RVS tool collects structural and non-structural exposure information related to tsunami resistance for each building within a school compound, allowing for the modelling of buildings towards their assessment under tsunami loading. It also allows for each structure to be classified according to existing building taxonomies, such as the Global Library Of School Infrastructure (GLOSI, World Bank Group, 2019) and the Global Exposure Database for Multi-Hazard Risk Analysis (GED4ALL, Silva et al, 2018). The RVS also collects information on building and resource arrangements within the school compound including school energy, water sources and preparedness for tsunami.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering surveys of Sri Lankan schools exposed to tsunami

Cels

Rossetto²,

Dias³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami affected 5% of Sri Lanka’s schools, severely damaging 108 and destroying 74. The catastrophe highlighted the critical role of schools in providing educational continuity during community recovery. Sri Lanka has since rehabilitated and rebuilt most of the destroyed schools along the coastline. However, there is a limited understanding of current levels of school exposure to tsunami. This hampers preparedness and risk reduction interventions that can improve community and educational tsunami resilience. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary school exposure database relevant to both vulnerability and loss modelling. The repository includes data on 38 schools and 86 classroom buildings, surveyed across the coastal districts of Ampara, Batticaloa and Galle in Sri Lanka, which were heavily affected by the 2004 tsunami. A new engineering rapid visual survey tool is presented that was used to conduct the physical assessment of schools for the exposure repository. School damage mechanisms observed in past tsunami inform the survey forms, which are designed to capture information at both school compound and building levels. The tsunami engineering survey tools are universally applicable for the visual assessment of schools exposed to tsunami. The surveys show that most Sri Lankan school buildings can be classified into three building archetypes. This means that future risk assessments can be conducted considering a small number of index buildings that are based on these archetypes with differing partition arrangements and structural health conditions. The surveys also raise three significant concerns. Firstly, most schools affected by the 2004 tsunami remain in the same exposed locations without any consideration for tsunami design or strengthening provisions. Secondly, Sri Lankan schools are fragile to tsunami loading and many of the schools in the Galle district suffer from severe corrosion, which will further affect their tsunami vulnerability. Thirdly, schools do not appear prepared for tsunami, and do not have adequate tsunami warnings nor evacuation protocols in place. These observations raise the urgent need to mitigate tsunami risk, including a holistic plan for tsunami retrofitting and for interventions to improve the tsunami preparedness of schools in Sri Lanka.

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A Building Classification System for Multi-hazard Risk Assessment

Cited by 69 publications

References 22 publications

A methodology to assess and select seismic fragility curves: Application to the case of Costa Rica

A methodology to assess and select seismic fragility curves: Application to the case of Costa Rica

RiskScape: a flexible multi-hazard risk modelling engine

Engineering surveys of Sri Lankan schools exposed to tsunami

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