A C-Type Lectin Highly Expressed in Portunus trituberculatus Intestine Functions in AMP Regulation and Prophenoloxidase Activation

Liu, Yuan; Su, Yue; Zhang, Ao; Cui, Zhaoxia

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10050541

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…trituberculatus in previous study ( 70 ). The rPtCTL-2 only displayed bacterial binding and antibacterial activities against V. alginolyticus against the tested bacteria, whereas no bacterial binding and antibacterial activities of rPtCTL-4 was observed against the tested bacteria, which was different to previous studies ( 70 – 72 ). Differences in bacterial binding and antibacterial activities of the four rPtCTLs might due to the mutation of the carbohydrate binding motif ( 24 , 73 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Diversity of Immune-Related Genes in Portunus trituberculatus

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Generally, invertebrates were thought to solely rely on their non-specific innate immune system to fight against invading microorganisms. However, increasing studies have implied that the innate immune response of invertebrates displayed diversity and specificity owing to the hyper-variable immune molecules in organisms. In order to get an insight into the diversity of immune-related genes in Portunus trituberculatus, a full-length transcriptome analysis of several immune-related tissues (hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gills) in P. trituberculatus was performed and the diversity of several immune-related genes was analyzed. The full-length transcriptome analysis of P. trituberculatus was conducted using a combination of SMRT long-read sequencing and Illumina short-read sequencing. A total of 17,433 nonredundant full-length transcripts with average length of 2,271 bp and N50 length of 2,841 bp were obtained, among which 13,978 (80.18%) transcripts were annotated. Moreover, numerous transcript variants of various immune-related genes were identified, including pattern recognition receptors, antimicrobial peptides, heat shock proteins (HSPs), antioxidant enzymes and vital molecules in prophenoloxidase (proPO)-activating system. Based on the full-length transcriptome analysis, open reading frames (ORFs) of four C-type lectins (CTLs) were cloned, and tissue distributions showed that the four CTLs were ubiquitously expressed in all the tested tissues, and mainly expressed in hepatopancreas and gills. The transcription of the four CTLs significantly increased in several immune-related tissues (hemocytes, hepatopancreas and gills) of P. trituberculatus challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus and displayed different profiles. Moreover, the four CTLs displayed distinct bacterial binding and antibacterial activities. The recombinant protein PtCTL-1 (rPtCTL-1) and rPtCTL-3 displayed bacterial binding and antibacterial activities against all tested bacteria. rPtCTL-2 only showed bacterial binding and antibacterial activities against V. alginolyticus. No obvious bacterial binding or antibacterial activities for PtCTL-4 was observed against the tested bacteria. This study enriches the transcriptomic information on P. trituberculatus and provides new insights into the innate immune system of crustaceans. Additionally, our study provided candidates of antibiotic agents for the prevention and treatment of bacteriosis.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Diversity of Immune-Related Genes in Portunus trituberculatus

Zhang

Bai

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…We further investigated the expression of key genes in these signaling pathways and found that the expression of most genes was downregulated in PtLRR1 or PtLRR2-knockdown crabs. These inconsistency results between AMP expression and AMP-related pathways were also observed in PtCLec2 from P. trituberculatus (Liu et al, 2021). These data suggest that PtLRR1 and PtLRR2 might participate in AMP regulation by inducing multiple signaling pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Two LRR-Only Proteins Involved in Antibacterial Defense and Prophenoloxidase System of Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus

Zhang

Liu²,

Guo³

et al. 2022

Front. Mar. Sci.

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The leucine-rich repeat (LRR) motif is evolutionarily conserved in many pattern recognition receptors. Compared to the reported LRR proteins with multiple functional domains, the role of LRR-only proteins merely containing LRR motifs remain largely unexplored. In this study, two LRR-only proteins, PtLRR1 and PtLRR2, were identified from the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. Five LRR motifs with a consensus sequence LxxLxxLxLxxNxL were found in their encoded peptides. Both PtLRR1 and PtLRR2 were dominantly expressed in the hepatopancreas and showed a time-dependent response post bacteria and virus stimulation. The recombinant PtLRR1 could bind to various PAMPs, including LPS, PGN, and GLU. PtLRR1 and PtLRR2 displayed different regulatory activities in inducing the expression of inflammation and proPO system-related genes. Knockdown of PtLRR2 led to the decreased expression of the tested cytokines and adapter, while PtLRR1 knockdown enhanced the expression of serine proteases, serine protease homologues, and proPO genes. In addition, knockdown of PtLRR1 or PtLRR2 reduced the clearance activity of Vibrio but upregulated the expression levels of AMPs and key genes of Toll, IMD, and JNK pathways. These results suggest that PtLRR1 and PtLRR2 could act as potential immune receptors and regulate antibacterial immunity in crab.

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“…Up to now, the downstream events after recognition mediated by CTLs in invertebrates are not entirely clarified. Some studies have shown that CTLs in crustaceans are involved in the regulation of AMPs expression ( 34 – 36 ). In our study, knockdown of PcLec-EPS remarkably decreased the expression levels of Crus2 , Crus3 , Crus5 , ALF3 , and ALF6 , whereas knockdown of PcLec-QPS remarkably decreased the expression levels of Crus2 , ALF3 , ALF5 , ALF8 , and ALF11 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A positive feedback loop between two C-type lectins originated from gene duplication and relish promotes the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Procambarus clarkii

Dai¹,

Sun²,

Nie³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Gene duplication (GD) leads to the expansion of gene families that contributes organisms adapting to stress or environment and dealing with the infection of various pathogens. C-type lectins (CTLs) in crustaceans undergo gene expansion and participate in various immune responses. However, the functions of different CTL produced by GD are not fully characterized. In the present study, two CTL genes (designated as PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS, respectively) were identified from Procambarus clarkii. PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS originate from GD and the main difference between them is exon 3. PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS respectively contains EPS and QPS motif in their carbohydrate recognition domain. The mRNA levels of PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS in hemocytes, gills, intestine and lymph underwent time-dependent enhancement after D-Mannose and D-Galactose challenge. Recombinant PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS could bind to carbohydrates and microbes, and agglutinate bacteria. The results of experiments on recombinant protein injection and RNA interference indicate that PcLec-EPS and PcLec-QPS can respectively strong recognize and bind D-Mannose and D-Galactose, activate the Relish transcriptional factor, and further upregulate the expression of different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). In addition, these two CTLs and Relish could positively regulate the expression of each other, suggesting that there is a positive feedback loop between two CTLs and Relish that regulates the expression of AMPs. It may contribute to the expansion of the immune response for host quickly and efficiently eliminating pathogenic microorganisms. This study provides new knowledge for clear understanding the significance and function of different CTL generated by GD in immune defenses in crustacean.

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A C-Type Lectin Highly Expressed in Portunus trituberculatus Intestine Functions in AMP Regulation and Prophenoloxidase Activation

Cited by 10 publications

References 55 publications

Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Diversity of Immune-Related Genes in Portunus trituberculatus

Full-Length Transcriptome Analysis Provides New Insights Into the Diversity of Immune-Related Genes in Portunus trituberculatus

Two LRR-Only Proteins Involved in Antibacterial Defense and Prophenoloxidase System of Swimming Crab Portunus trituberculatus

A positive feedback loop between two C-type lectins originated from gene duplication and relish promotes the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Procambarus clarkii

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