A Capacitive Coupled Patch Antenna Array With High Gain and Wide Coverage for 5G Smartphone Applications

Stanley, Manoj; Huang, Yi; Wang, Hanyang; Zhou, Hongwei; Alieldin, Ahmed; Joseph, Sumin David

doi:10.1109/access.2018.2860795

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Patch antenna arrays and other patch-antenna-based designs are popular choices for 5G UE above 6 GHz (e.g., [9]- [11]), as they are compatible with the printed circuit board (PCB) and packaging technologies. As the number of antenna elements is usually with the power of two in practice, we select the array sizes of…”

Section: B Array Configuration and Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Incident Power Density Limits on Power and EIRP Levels of 5G Millimeter-Wave User Equipment

Yao

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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User equipment (UE) is required to comply with the relevant radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure limits, which are of relevance to establish the maximum permissible transmitted power and the maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP). Recently, international RF EMF exposure guidelines, such as those published by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) as well as by the IEEE, have been updated. In this paper, the implications of the revised incident power density limits are investigated in terms of maximum permissible transmitted power and the maximum EIRP for devices operating in close proximity of the user. A similar analysis is conducted according to the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulation on RF exposure. EMF compliance of UE is studied by means of numerical modelling of patch antenna arrays of different array sizes taking into consideration of possible beam-steering operations, at frequencies ranging from 10 GHz to 100 GHz. The results are compared with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requirements on the total radiated power (TRP) and EIRP levels. The present implications of the incident power density limits for 5G millimeter-wave UE will give valuable insights to mobile equipment manufacturers, network operators, and standardization bodies. INDEX TERMS 5G, antenna array, beam-steering, EIRP, incident power density, maximum permissible transmitted power, millimeter wave, RF EMF exposure, user equipment

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Section: B Array Configuration and Topologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Incident Power Density Limits on Power and EIRP Levels of 5G Millimeter-Wave User Equipment

Yao

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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“…On the other hand, multiple gaps and slots are needed in the metal frame, which may be impractical. In the design presented in [16], Stanley et al can achieve high gain and wide-angular beam scanning with a combination of three arrays. Even though the prototype includes some of the elements of modern smartphones, a metal frame is not included, and the arrays only provide a single-polarized operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual-Polarized mm-Wave Endfire Antenna for Mobile Devices

Moreno

Ala‐Laurinaho

Khripkov³

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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This article presents a dual-polarized millimeterwave endfire antenna array for mobile devices. The antenna array is integrated into a metal-framed mobile phone and radiates through a 20 × 3.5 mm 2 window in the metal frame. The measurement results show a realized gain above 6 dBi for the frequency band of 28-33 GHz for a three-element array. Beam-steering up to ±40 • is possible. The array is physically offset from the metal frame, thus minimizing the capacitive loading effect on the sub-6 GHz antennas. Moreover, due to the lack of mechanical contact between the frame and the antenna module, the antenna is robust against external impacts or hits to the phone. The design of the antenna module facilitates integration in mobile devices for mm-wave operation.

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“…There are two methods to steer the beam electronically; the first consists of switching the antennas [5], [6] and the other involves changing the relative phases of the signals which drive each antenna element (phased arrays) [7]- [13]. It is also possible to combine both methods by having several sub-arrays [8]- [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Main Beam-Blockage in an Integrated 5G Array With a Metal-Frame Antenna

Rodríguez-Cano

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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In this paper, a novel technique is introduced to reduce the handset metal-frame blockage to the main beam of a millimeter-wave (mm-wave) end-fire antenna array. The metalframe blockage to mm-wave antennas with different polarizations is investigated first. It is found that the blockage is more severe for horizontal polarization than for vertical polarization. The effect of the metal bezel on a mm-wave array with horizontal polarization can significantly be decreased if two tilted layers of coupled metal strips are placed at the borders of the frame. Furthermore, these metal strips are shown not to disturb mmwave antennas with vertical polarization. Different detailed design considerations are studied. To further demonstrate the idea, a 5G Vivaldi array (with horizontal polarization) is designed and integrated with a metal frame. The frame functions as a lowfrequency antenna, operating in two frequency bands of 865-990 MHz and 1358-2786 MHz. The millimeter-wave array with four elements operates at the frequency band 24.25-27.5 GHz and can scan ±60 degrees in end-fire direction, with a realized gain higher than 7 dBi in most of the frequency range.Index Terms-5G mobile communication, antenna array, millimeter wave integrated circuit, Vivaldi antennas.

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A Capacitive Coupled Patch Antenna Array With High Gain and Wide Coverage for 5G Smartphone Applications

Cited by 63 publications

References 21 publications

Implications of Incident Power Density Limits on Power and EIRP Levels of 5G Millimeter-Wave User Equipment

Implications of Incident Power Density Limits on Power and EIRP Levels of 5G Millimeter-Wave User Equipment

Dual-Polarized mm-Wave Endfire Antenna for Mobile Devices

Reduction of Main Beam-Blockage in an Integrated 5G Array With a Metal-Frame Antenna

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