A carbohydrate‐rich diet reduces LDL size in QQ homozygotes for the Gln192Arg polymorphism of the paraoxonase 1 gene

Delgado-Lista, Javier; Pérez-Jiménez, Francisco; Gavilán, Elena; Marı́n, Carmen; Fuentes, Francisco; Fernandez-Puebla, R. A.; Pérez‐Martínez, Pablo; Paniagua, Juan Antonio Pacheco; Aguilera, Concepción M.; López‐Miranda, José

doi:10.1007/s11745-005-1406-0

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A similarly interesting example is the signal observed at the PON1 gene, whose protein product protects lipids from oxidation [ 78 ] and is involved in vasodilation. A derived nonsynonymous allele (192Q), which increases in frequency with latitude and affects enzymatic activity in vitro [ 59 ], was found to influence LDL size [ 79 ] and to be protective against coronary artery disease [ 80 ], stroke [ 81 ] and myocardial infarction risk [ 82 ]. Additional signals of spatially varying selection for nonsynonymous SNPs are found at the FABP2 gene and the EPHX2 gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to Climate in Candidate Genes for Common Metabolic Disorders

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Evolutionary pressures due to variation in climate play an important role in shaping phenotypic variation among and within species and have been shown to influence variation in phenotypes such as body shape and size among humans. Genes involved in energy metabolism are likely to be central to heat and cold tolerance. To test the hypothesis that climate shaped variation in metabolism genes in humans, we used a bioinformatics approach based on network theory to select 82 candidate genes for common metabolic disorders. We genotyped 873 tag SNPs in these genes in 54 worldwide populations (including the 52 in the Human Genome Diversity Project panel) and found correlations with climate variables using rank correlation analysis and a newly developed method termed Bayesian geographic analysis. In addition, we genotyped 210 carefully matched control SNPs to provide an empirical null distribution for spatial patterns of allele frequency due to population history alone. For nearly all climate variables, we found an excess of genic SNPs in the tail of the distributions of the test statistics compared to the control SNPs, implying that metabolic genes as a group show signals of spatially varying selection. Among our strongest signals were several SNPs (e.g., LEPR R109K, FABP2 A54T) that had previously been associated with phenotypes directly related to cold tolerance. Since variation in climate may be correlated with other aspects of environmental variation, it is possible that some of the signals that we detected reflect selective pressures other than climate. Nevertheless, our results are consistent with the idea that climate has been an important selective pressure acting on candidate genes for common metabolic disorders.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptations to Climate in Candidate Genes for Common Metabolic Disorders

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effect of dietary lipids on paraoxonase-1 activity and gene expression

Ferretti

Bacchetti

2012

Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions on LDL particle size and number in adults in the context of weight loss or weight maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Falkenhain

Roach

McCreary

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background LDL particle size and number (LDL-P) are emerging lipid risk factors. Nonsystematic reviews have suggested that diets lower in carbohydrates and higher in fats may result in increased LDL particle size when compared with higher-carbohydrate diets. Objectives This study aimed to systematically review available evidence and conduct meta-analyses of studies addressing the association of carbohydrate restriction with LDL particle size and LDL-P. Methods We searched 6 electronic databases on 4 January, 2021 for randomized trials of any length that reported on dietary carbohydrate restriction (intervention) compared with higher carbohydrate intake (control). We calculated standardized mean differences (SMDs) in LDL particle size and LDL-P between the intervention and control groups of eligible studies, and pooled effect sizes using random-effects models. We performed prespecified subgroup analyses and examined the effect of potential explanatory factors. Internal validity and publication bias were assessed using Cochrane's risk-of-bias tool and funnel plots, respectively. Studies that could not be meta-analyzed were summarized qualitatively. Results This review summarizes findings from 38 randomized trials including a total of 1785 participants. Carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions were associated with an increase in LDL peak particle size (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.86; P < 0.01) and a reduction in LDL-P (SMD = −0.24; 95% CI: −0.43, −0.06; P = 0.02). The effect of carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions on LDL peak particle size appeared to be partially explained by differences in weight loss between intervention groups and exploratory analysis revealed a shift from small dense to larger LDL subclasses. No statistically significant association was found between carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions and mean LDL particle size (SMD = 0.20; 95% CI: −0.29, 0.69; P = 0.37). Conclusions The available evidence indicates that dietary interventions restricted in carbohydrates increase LDL peak particle size and decrease the numbers of total and small LDL particles. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020188745.

show abstract

A carbohydrate‐rich diet reduces LDL size in QQ homozygotes for the Gln192Arg polymorphism of the paraoxonase 1 gene

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Adaptations to Climate in Candidate Genes for Common Metabolic Disorders

Adaptations to Climate in Candidate Genes for Common Metabolic Disorders

Effect of dietary lipids on paraoxonase-1 activity and gene expression

Effect of carbohydrate-restricted dietary interventions on LDL particle size and number in adults in the context of weight loss or weight maintenance: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About