A Case for Eustress in Grazing Animals

Villalba, Juan J.; Manteca, Xavier

doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00303

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Strategic supplementation of livestock on pasture with industrial by-products, inedible to humans (Sunvold et al, 1991;Macdonald et al, 2007), also has potential to increase the carrying capacity of pasture-based grazing systems and mitigate potential welfare issues associated with feedlots, such as reduced ability to express natural behavior and self-selection of diets (Atwood et al, 2001;Villalba and Manteca, 2019). For example, feeding limited amounts of phytochemically-rich fruit and vegetable by-products such as leaves, pomace, peels, rinds, pulp, seeds, and stems (Sruamsiri, 2007;Wadhwa and Bakshi, 2013;Salami et al, 2019) to livestock on pasture can potentially mitigate some nutritional deficits, decrease environmental impacts, and reduce the of risk of overgrazing and land unavailability, while enhancing the phytochemical richness of meat and milk (Provenza et al, 2003(Provenza et al, , 2019Salami et al, 2019).…”

Section: Suitability and Scalability Of Pasture-based Livestock Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk

Vliet¹,

Provenza²,

Kronberg³

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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While commission reports and nutritional guidelines raise concerns about the effects of consuming red meat on human health, the impacts of how livestock are raised and finished on consumer health are generally ignored. Meat and milk, irrespective of rearing practices, provide many essential nutrients including bioavailable protein, zinc, iron, selenium, calcium, and/or B12. Emerging data indicate that when livestock are eating a diverse array of plants on pasture, additional health-promoting phytonutrients—terpenoids, phenols, carotenoids, and anti-oxidants—become concentrated in their meat and milk. Several phytochemicals found in grass-fed meat and milk are in quantities comparable to those found in plant foods known to have anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and cardioprotective effects. As meat and milk are often not considered as sources of phytochemicals, their presence has remained largely underappreciated in discussions of nutritional differences between feedlot-fed (grain-fed) and pasture-finished (grass-fed) meat and dairy, which have predominantly centered around the ω-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid. Grazing livestock on plant-species diverse pastures concentrates a wider variety and higher amounts of phytochemicals in meat and milk compared to grazing monoculture pastures, while phytochemicals are further reduced or absent in meat and milk of grain-fed animals. The co-evolution of plants and herbivores has led to plants/crops being more productive when grazed in accordance with agroecological principles. The increased phytochemical richness of productive vegetation has potential to improve the health of animals and upscale these nutrients to also benefit human health. Several studies have found increased anti-oxidant activity in meat and milk of grass-fed vs. grain-fed animals. Only a handful of studies have investigated the effects of grass-fed meat and dairy consumption on human health and show potential for anti-inflammatory effects and improved lipoprotein profiles. However, current knowledge does not allow for direct linking of livestock production practices to human health. Future research should systematically assess linkages between the phytochemical richness of livestock diets, the nutrient density of animal foods, and subsequent effects on human metabolic health. This is important given current societal concerns about red meat consumption and human health. Addressing this research gap will require greater collaborative efforts from the fields of agriculture and medicine.

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Section: Suitability and Scalability Of Pasture-based Livestock Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk

Vliet¹,

Provenza²,

Kronberg³

2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…Several studies have shown that the challenges induced by biotic factors (such as changes in vegetation and heat) may be a source of animal stress, eliciting a greater degree of behavioral plasticity and adaptability in grazing animals (Villalba and Manteca, 2019). The results obtained from our experiments show a downregulation in the P60 group of different lipid classes such as phosphocoline, lysophosphocoline and phosphoethanolamines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untargeted lipidomics of ovine milk to analyse the influence of different diet regimens

Manis

Addis

Sitzia

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Research

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In this work we report a lipidomics approach to study the effects of two diet systems on the composition of ovine milk. Milk from two groups of Sarda sheep grazing on 40% (P40) and 60% (P60) of pasture were analyzed by a UHPLC-QTOF-MS analytical platform and data submitted to multivariate statistical analysis. Pairwise partial least square discriminant analysis of the lipid profile of the data was carried out to classify samples and to find discriminant lipids. The two dietary groups were characterized by differences in triacylglycerols, phosphocholines and phosphatidylethanolamines levels. Discriminants of the P40 group were TG and PC containing in their backbone saturated medium chain FA thus suggesting greater de novo fatty synthesis in the mammary gland. On the other hand, the P60 group was characterized by TG and PC formed by unsaturated long chain FA originating from the diet or from lipid mobilization.

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“…Offering by-products on pasture, as opposed to feeding them to cattle in feedlots, would also mitigate some of the animal welfare issues associated with feedlots such as unfamiliar environments, inability to self-select their diet, and the ability to express natural behavior (Atwood et al, 2001;Villalba and Manteca, 2019). Offering by-products to cattle on pasture may represent a worthwhile opportunity for the livestock industry to improve consumer perception while maintaining the ability to upcycle by-products to meet customer demand.…”

Section: The Ecological Impacts Of Plant-based Meat Vs Meat Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Based Meats, Human Health, and Climate Change

Vliet

Kronberg

Provenza

2020

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

142

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There is wide scale concern about the effects of red meat on human health and climate change. Plant-based meat alternatives, designed to mimic the sensory experience and nutritional value of red meat, have recently been introduced into consumer markets. Plant-based meats are marketed under the premise of environmental and human health benefits and are aimed appeal to a broad consumer base. Meat production is critiqued for its overuse of water supplies, landscape degradation, and greenhouse gas emission, and depending on production practices, environmental footprints may be lower with plant-based meat alternatives. Life-cycle analyses suggest that the novel plant-based meat alternatives have an environmental footprint that may be lower than beef finished in feedlots, but higher than beef raised on well-managed pastures. In this review, we discuss the nutritional and ecological impacts of eating plant-based meat alternatives vs. animal meats. Most humans fall on a spectrum of omnivory: they satisfy some nutrient requirements better from plant foods, while needs for other nutrients are met more readily from animal foods. Animal foods also facilitate the uptake of several plant-derived nutrients (zinc and iron), while plant nutrients can offer protection against potentially harmful compounds in cooked meat. Thus, plant and animal foods operate in symbiotic ways to improve human health. The mimicking of animal foods using isolated plant proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals likely underestimates the true nutritional complexity of whole foods in their natural state, which contain hundreds to thousands of nutrients that impact human health. Novel plant-based meat alternatives should arguably be treated as meat alternatives in terms of sensory experience, but not as true meat replacements in terms of nutrition. If consumers wish to replace some of their meat with plant-based alternatives in the diet (a "flexitarian approach") this is unlikely to negatively impact their overall nutrient status, but this also depends on what other foods are in their diet and the life stage of the individual.

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A Case for Eustress in Grazing Animals

Cited by 23 publications

References 82 publications

Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk

Health-Promoting Phytonutrients Are Higher in Grass-Fed Meat and Milk

Untargeted lipidomics of ovine milk to analyse the influence of different diet regimens

Plant-Based Meats, Human Health, and Climate Change

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