A Case of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis as the Initial Presentation of HIV Infection

Anisocoria, An Unusual Physical Exam Finding Leading to a Concurrent Diagnosis of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and HIV/AIDS

“…Detection may be unreliable in immunodeficient individuals who fail to produce significant titers of specific antibodies, using insensitive assays for diagnosis or early testing in immunocompetent patients who recently acquired the infection. An immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody response is seen in cases of newly acquired toxoplasmosis or Toxoplasma encephalitis in which case a repeat IgG should be performed within a week or a month of symptoms is recommended [7,8].…”

“…Thus a high index of suspicion is essential, particularly when less common and isolated nonspecific manifestations are observed. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is known to be preceded by many other AIDS defining illnesses and is rarely seen as the initial presentation in a newly diagnosed HIV patient [8]. Here we discuss a 27-year-old patient who presented with symptoms of cerebral toxoplasmosis even before diagnosis of HIV was established, his only chief complaints being diplopia, dizziness and slight loss of balance for a period of roughly one month, with a single unusual physical exam finding of anisocoria.…”

Unexpected Case of Cerebral Toxoplasmosis with Radiological Appearance Similar to Malignancy

“…Siklus hidup T. Gondii Berdasarkan lokasi/geografi tertentu, T. Gondii dapat menginfeksi 15-85% populasi manusia di dunia dan menyebabkan infeksi terutama pada pasien dengan infeksi HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) dengan prevalensi 3-97%. 6,7 Selain itu, T. Gondii juga dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada retina, miokardium, otot lurik, 6 serta lesi fokal pada basal ganglia, dan korda spinalis yang berupa lesi multipel. 8 Pada pasien dewasa, infeksi T. Gondii menunjukkan gelaja subklinis.…”

Toxoplasma encephalitis and AIDS in a patient with seizure and altered mental status: A case report

“…Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic infection seen in HIV-infected patients, but it has rarely been encountered before the diagnosis of HIV infection is established. [1] We report a case of altered mental status secondary to acute Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis.…”

“…[1] These can be due to the direct involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by the virus or due to other opportunistic infections. Cerebral toxoplasmosis is a common opportunistic infection seen in HIV-infected patients, but it has rarely been encountered before the diagnosis of HIV infection is established.…”