A case of congenital rubella syndrome and infection in South-East London in 2015: prevention, diagnosis, and the public health response

Marchant, Elizabeth; Bishop, Louise; Flaxman, Debbie; Jagodzinski, Jenni; Nanjundappa, Mahesh; Muniyappa, Prasanna; Cordery, Rebecca

doi:10.3399/bjgp16x688321

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…CRS is a series of serious birth defects 3 , 7 , 8 caused by rubella infection during pregnancy. Disabilities caused by CRS include congenital heart defects, congenital cataracts, hearing impairment, and developmental delays, 9 , 10 which bring a severe burden to the patient’s families and society. The cause of CRS is the infection of RV during pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CRS surveillance system helps to control the spread of RV. 9 , 12 Most children with CRS can excrete RV through secretions, and the detoxification time can last up to 1 year. 7 , 9 Non-immune personnel are vulnerable to rubella when caring for children with CRS who are shedding the virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 9 , 12 Most children with CRS can excrete RV through secretions, and the detoxification time can last up to 1 year. 7 , 9 Non-immune personnel are vulnerable to rubella when caring for children with CRS who are shedding the virus. In this reported case, although the child’s RV test was negative, a single negative test is not sufficient to prove that the child is not contagious.Failure to continue RV nucleic acid sampling of the child was flawed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

Gong,

Zheng,

Fang

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Rubella is a major cause of congenital defects, and the presence of rubella infection in a pregnant woman may lead to fetal death or congenital defects known as congenital rubella syndrome(CRS). Since China has not yet established a national CRS surveillance system, the true incidence cannot be determined. To understand the disease burden and epidemiological characteristics of CRS cases in China, the article reports the first case of CRS in Quzhou, China, and conducts a retrospective analysis of related cases that have been reported in China over the past decade. Because the availability of rubella-containing vaccines (RCV) was not widespread in China before 2008, women of childbearing age born before 2008 are generally unvaccinated against RCV. Due to the lack of routine CRS monitoring and screening, CRS is underreported in China. Vaccination of nonimmune women of childbearing age with RCV and establishing a sensitive and timely case-based CRS surveillance system can accelerate the elimination of rubella and CRS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

Gong,

Zheng,

Fang

et al. 2024

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Bu olguların önlenmesi için gebelik öncesi antikor taraması ve postpartum dönemdeki bireyleri içeren erişkin aşılama programının yürütülmesi gerektiği ileri sürülmüş (38) . İngiltere'den bildirilen bir konjenital rubella olgusu, dikkati göçmenlerin aşılanmasına yöneltmiştir (39) . Giderek artan aşı karşıtlığı özellikle Amerika'da dönem dönem kızamık salgınlarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır.…”

Section: Gereç Ve Yöntemunclassified

Investigation of CMV and Rubella Seroprevalence and Age Related Distribution in Pregnant Women

Gülseren¹,

Taşbent²,

Özdemir³

2019

TMCD

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ÖZ Amaç: Bu çalışmada, gebelerde rubella ve sitomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalansını belirlemek ve yaş grupları ile ilişkisini araştırmak amaçlandı. Yöntem: Ocak 2016 -Ocak 2019 tarihleri arasında, üçüncü basamak bir üniversite hastanesi merkez mikrobiyoloji laboratuvarında, 20. gebelik haftası ve altındaki gebelere ait hasta serumlarında, enzyme-linked fluorescent assay yöntemiyle çalışılan rubella antikorları, CMV antikorları ve CMV avidite testleri, geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan gebelerin yaş ortalaması 28.2±5.6 yıl olarak saptandı. Bu üç yıllık periyotta, rubella IgM için 4.236, rubella IgG için 720, CMV IgM için 3.793 ve CMV IgG için 148 sonuç irdelendi. Serum örneklerinde 21 olguda (%0.49) rubella IgM pozitifliği bulunurken, 30 olguda (%0.7) rubella IgM sınır değerde bulundu. Rubella IgG açısından 692 olgu (%96.1) pozitif, 24 olgu ise (%3.3) sınır değerde belirlendi. CMV IgM pozitifliği 10 olguda (%0.2), CMV IgM sınır değer 20 olguda (%0.52) bulunurken, CMV IgG araştırılan tüm hastalarda (148 olguda) pozitif olarak bulundu. Çalışmada, yaş arttıkça rubella IgG düzeyinde azalma, CMV IgG düzeyinde artış saptandı. Sonuç: Bölgemizdeki gebelerde rubella seropozitiflik oranı %96.1 iken, CMV seroprevalansı %100 olarak bulunmuştur. Yüksek seroprevalans nedeniyle her ikisi içinde rutin tarama gereksiz gibi görünmektedir. Ancak rubella açısından, özellikle ileri yaş gebeliklerde, yaşla birlikte rubella IgG düzeyindeki düşme dikkate alınmalıdır. Ayrıca son yıllarda toplumda artma eğilimi gösteren aşı karşıtlığı nedeniyle, ilerleyen yıllarda konjenital rubella açısından gebe takibinin önem kazanacağı düşünülmektedir. Çalışmada, CMV açısından taranan tüm hastaların seropozitif bulunması düşük sosyoekonomik düzeyi işaret etmektedir. ABSTRACT Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of Rubella and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in pregnant women and to investigate their relationship with age groups. Method: Rubella, CMV antibodies and CMV avidity tests performed by the enzyme-linked fluorescent assay method in sera of pregnant women under 20th gestational week at a University Results: The mean age of the pregnant women was 28.2±5.6 years. In this three-year period seroprevalence test results related to 4236 rubella IgM, 720 rubella IgG, 3793 CMV IgM and 148 CMV IgG antibodies were examined. Rubella IgM seropositivity was detected in 21 (0.49%) and borderline results in 30 (0.7%) cases. Rubella IgG seropositivity was detected in 692 (96.1%) and borderline results in 24 (3.3%) cases. CMV IgM seropositivity was detected in 10 (0.2%) and borderline results in 20 (0.52%) cases. CMV IgG seropositivity was detected in all (n=148) patients. Rubella IgG levels decreased and CMV IgG levels increased with age. Conclusion: The seropositivity rate of rubella was found as 96.1% in pregnant women and the seroprevalence of CMV as 100%. Due to high seroprevalence, routine screening for both seems unnecessary. But the decrease in Rubella IgG levels with age should be taken into consideration in e...

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Performance of Zika Assays in the Context of Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus (TORCH) Diagnostic Assays

et al. 2019

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SUMMARY Infections during pregnancy that may cause congenital abnormalities have been recognized for decades, but their diagnosis is challenging. This was again illustrated with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), highlighting the inherent difficulties in estimating the extent of pre- and postnatal ZIKV complications because of the difficulties in establishing definitive diagnoses. We reviewed the epidemiology, infection kinetics, and diagnostic methods used for Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus B19, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus (TORCH) infections and compared the results with current knowledge of ZIKV diagnostic assays to provide a basis for the inclusion of ZIKV in the TORCH complex evaluations. Similarities between TORCH pathogens and ZIKV support inclusion of ZIKV as an emerging TORCH infection. Our review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various TORCH diagnostic assays for maternal screening, fetal screening, and neonatal screening. We show that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of TORCH complex pathogens are widely variable, stressing the importance of confirmatory testing and the need for novel techniques for earlier and accurate diagnosis of maternal and congenital infections. In this context it is also important to acknowledge different needs and access to care for different geographic and resource settings.

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A case of congenital rubella syndrome and infection in South-East London in 2015: prevention, diagnosis, and the public health response

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

A case of congenital rubella syndrome and epidemiology of related cases in China, 2014–2023

Investigation of CMV and Rubella Seroprevalence and Age Related Distribution in Pregnant Women

Performance of Zika Assays in the Context of Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus (TORCH) Diagnostic Assays

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