A Case of COVID-19 Mimicking Acute Appendicitis in Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome

Martin, Anna; Otto, Taylor; Smith, Travis J.

doi:10.7759/cureus.15600

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, cardiac complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, decreased ejection fraction, coronary artery aneurysm, pericarditis, valve dysfunction, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, ventricular dilation, and tachycardia are reported ( Panigrahy et al, 2020 ; Pouletty et al, 2020 ; Simpson and Newburger, 2020 ). Many gastrointestinal signs and symptoms of MIS-C overlap with those of acute appendicitis ( Nakra et al, 2020 ; Belay et al, 2021 ; Martin et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Hosseini

Fallahi

Erabi

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to huge concern worldwide. Some SARS-CoV-2 infected patients may experience post–COVID-19 complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome, defined by symptoms including fever and elevated inflammatory markers (such as elevation of C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fibrinogen, procalcitonin test, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase or IL-6, presence of neutrophilia, lymphopenia, decreased albumin, and multiple organ dysfunction). Post–COVID-19 complications may also manifest as autoimmune diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Signaling disorders, increased inflammatory cytokines secretion, corticosteroid use to treat COVID-19 patients, or impaired immune responses are suggested causes of autoimmune diseases in these patients. In this review, we discuss the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities for multisystem inflammatory syndrome and autoimmune diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection with the aim to provide a clear view for health care providers and researchers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Hosseini

Fallahi

Erabi

et al. 2022

Front. Mol. Biosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The appearance and size of the appendix on USG help us in the diagnosis of AA. Martin et al [8] reported the diameter of the appendix on USG as 7 mm in a case with MIS-C. Jackson et al [9] reported the diameter of the appendix as 9 mm in their case reports. The appendix diameter of this case on USG was 6.8 mm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Due to SARS-CoV-2 Presenting With Acute Appendicitis Symptoms

Uğur¹,

Mete²,

Ömeroğlu³

2022

Cureus

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Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C) in children associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection has a variable clinical presentation because it affects many systems. It can affect the cardiac, renal, respiratory, hematological, gastrointestinal, dermatological, and neurological systems. If left untreated, it causes fatal complications. In this case report, a five-year-old male patient was admitted to the pediatric emergency service with complaints of fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. Physical examination revealed tenderness, defense, and rebound in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. On ultrasound, the diameter of the appendix was determined as 6.8 mm. The patient, who was operated on for acute appendicitis (AA), was re-evaluated after fever and vomiting did not resolve, and he was diagnosed with MIS-C. This case was presented to remind that MIS-C should be excluded before the diagnosis of AA in patients with fever for more than 24 hours, gastrointestinal symptoms, and findings of AA.

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“…There have been several case reports of MIS-C associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute appendicitis (33)(34)(35)(36)(37). These previous findings suggested that it may be difficult to make the differential diagnosis between acute appendicitis and MIS-C, as some patients may have both acute appendicitis and MIS-C, and others may have appendix inflammation (mimicking appendicitis) as gastrointestinal involvement due to MIS-C.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Myocarditis and Acute Appendicitis after COVID-19 Vaccination

et al. 2023

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A 19-year-old Japanese man was hospitalized for cardiogenic shock 28 days after receiving a second dose of the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine. He had had a high fever for three days with vomiting and abdominal pain before arriving at our hospital. The patient visited a local hospital and was diagnosed with heart failure and acute appendicitis. An endomyocardial biopsy specimen showed myocarditis. Thereafter, Impella CP left ventricular assist device implantation and venoarterial peripheral extracorporeal membranous oxygenation were initiated immediately along with inotropic support and steroid pulse therapy. Given these findings, he was finally diagnosed with multiple inflammatory syndrome and fulminant myocarditis.

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A Case of COVID-19 Mimicking Acute Appendicitis in Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome

Abstract: Martin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Autoimmune Diseases Following COVID-19: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities

A Case of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Due to SARS-CoV-2 Presenting With Acute Appendicitis Symptoms

Fulminant Myocarditis and Acute Appendicitis after COVID-19 Vaccination

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