A case of lung ultrasound findings in a 73-year-old male with COVID-19

Pulmonary Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Systematic Review

“…Of 439 records screened, 405 were excluded by title and abstract screening. Of 34 full-text articles assessed for elegibility, 6 articles were excluded, and 28 articles were included in qualitative analysis ( Alkhafaji et al 2020 ; Bar et al 2020 ; Buonsenso et al 2020a ; Buonsenso et al 2020b ; Consoli et al 2020 ; Denina et al 2020 ; Duclos et al 2020 ; Farrow et al 2020 ; Feng et al 2020 ; Huang et al 2020 Inchingolo et al 2020 ; Ji et al 2020 ; Lomoro et al 2020 ; Lu et al 2020 ; Mongodi et al 2020 ; Musolino et al 2020 ; Nouvenne et al 2020 ; Palmese et al 2020 ; Peng et al 2020 ; Poggiali et al 2020 ; Reisinger and Koratala 2020 ; Shokoohi et al 2020 ; Thomas et al 2020 ; Tung-Chen 2020 ; Xing et al 2020 ; Yang et al 2020 ; Yassa et al 2020; Yasukawa and Minami 2020 ;) were included ( Figure 1 ) . The studies were classified as the following: 2 retrospective cohort studies that included 150 patients, 1 prospective cohort with 31 patients, a cross-sectional study with 26 patients, 14 case series that included between 3 and 30 patients, and 10 case reports.…”

“…The age of the patients was reported by 22/28 articles: one study ( Feng et al 2020 ) included 5 neonates aged 1 to 18 days, and another 21 articles registered 18 children or adolescents between 1 to 17 years and 395 Adults. In 22/28 articles the sex of the patients was described, finding 203 men and 143 women ( Alkhafaji et al 2020 ; Bar et al 2020 ; Buonsenso et al 2020a ; Consoli et al 2020 ; Denina et al 2020 ; Duclos et al 2020 ; Farrow et al 2020 ; Feng et al 2020 ; Huang et al 2020 ; Inchingolo et al 2020 ; Ji et al 2020 ; Mongodi et al 2020 ; Musolino et al 2020 ; Nouvenne et al 2020 ; Palmese et al 2020 ; Poggiali et al 2020 ; Reisinger and Koratala 2020 ; Shokoohi et al 2020 ; Thomas et al 2020 ; Tung-Chen 2020 ; Xing et al 2020 ; Yang et al 2020 ; Yassa et al 2020; Yasukawa and Minami 2020 ;) ( Table 1 ) .…”

“…In 15 of the 28 articles the ultrasound evaluation protocol used was mentioned. In 7 articles a protocol of 12 zones was used ( Buonsenso et al 2020a ; Mongodi et al 2020 ; Musolino et al 2020 ; Peng et al 2020 ; Shokoohi et al 2020 ; Yang et al 2020 ; 2020 ), in 4 articles a protocol of 6 zones was used ( Alkhafaji et al 2020 ; Farrow et al 2020 ; Reisinger and Koratala 2020 ; Yasukawa and Minami 2020 ), in 1 article a protocol with 14 zones was used (Yassa et al 2020) and in 3 articles a protocol of 8 zones was used ( Bar et al 2020 ; Nouvenne et al 2020 ; Tung-Chen 2020 ).…”

“…Due to the type of articles found in this systematic review, the global quantitative correlation of PU with CXR and / or CT could not be assessed, therefore we report the qualitative result described by the authors. Of the 14 articles that evaluated the qualitative correlation between the findings of PU and CXR, in 12 of them they considered it good and 2 (including the cohort of 84 patients) reported that PU was superior to CXR ( Alkhafaji et al 2020 ; Mongodi et al 2020 ). Likewise, of the 20 studies that evaluated the qualitative correlation between PU and CT, 18 considered it good and 2 reported that PU was superior to CT ( Feng et al 2020 ; Yang et al 2020 ) ( table 1 ) .…”

“…The protocols of 12 zones are the most used in the articles reviewed ( Buonsenso et al 2020a ; Huang et al 2020 ; Mongodi et al 2020 ; Musolino et al 2020 ; Peng et al 2020 ; Shokoohi et al 2020 ; Yang et al 2020 ;) including the study of cohorts of 84 patients, followed by the protocols of 6 zones ( Alkhafaji et al 2020 ; Farrow et al 2020 ; Reisinger and Koratala 2020 ; Yasukawa and Minami 2020 ). However, these variants in the protocols used did not affect the presence or absence of pathological findings in PU or their way of being reported.…”