A Case Report of Secondary Syphilis Co-Infected with Measles: A Diagnostic Dilemma with Fever and Rash

Imad, Hisham Ahmed; Lakanavisid, Ploi; Pisutsan, Phimphan; Trerattanavong, Kentaro; Ngamprasertchai, Thundon; Matsee, Wasin; Piyaphanee, Watcharapong; Leaungwutiwong, Pornsawan; Nguitragool, Wang; Nakayama, Emi E.; Shioda, Tatsuo

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7050070

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Within the European community, rare are the reports of literature about oral manifestations of syphilis in HIV transgender patients, and no case, before the present one, was reported with the exclusive presence of oral signs of secondary syphilis infection [26,27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Oral Secondary Syphilis in an HIV-Positive Transgender Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mauceri,

Coppini,

Cascio

et al. 2023

Dentistry Journal

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Background: Syphilis is a worldwide sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. In most cases, the oral manifestations of syphilis infection are associated with cutaneous involvement. However, the present case report is noteworthy since the oral lesions are the sole clinical sign in an HIV-positive transgender patient. Case presentations: We reported an uncommon case of secondary syphilis in a 37-year-old seropositive transgender male, whose diagnostic suspect was based only on oral mucosal lesions. The patient was referred to the Oral Medicine Unit for the presence of multiple undiagnosed painful oral lesions. The intraoral examination revealed the presence of white and red plaques on the right and the left buccal mucosa and several painful lesions localized on the upper and lower labial mucosa. No cutaneous lesions were observed. Considering the sexual history of the patient and clinical findings, secondary syphilis infection was suspected. The serologic analysis was conducted, and the diagnosis of syphilis was confirmed. Moreover, to exclude the presence of oral epithelial dysplasia or malignant disease, an incisional biopsy was performed. Discussion: Compared to the literature data, oral lesions as lone signs of secondary syphilis infection are uncommon, especially in HIV-positive patients. Syphilis and HIV coinfection create a concerning situation as they interact synergistically, leading to an increased risk of transmission and faster disease progression. Conclusions: This case report emphasizes the importance of considering syphilis as a diagnostic possibility, even when oral lesions are the only clinical manifestations, especially in HIV-positive patients. Comprehensive evaluation, including a detailed sexual history and careful oral examination, is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management in such cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Oral Secondary Syphilis in an HIV-Positive Transgender Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Mauceri,

Coppini,

Cascio

et al. 2023

Dentistry Journal

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“…It should immediately point to arboviral disease to avoid any further transmission in the non-endemic country if the vector is widespread there. Additionally, consideration should be given to the recent increased accounts of febrile exanthema that do not require a vector, such as measles and mpox [1,2]. However, it is important to note that the characteristics of the rash in these cases greatly differ from what we describe further.…”

mentioning

confidence: 82%

Febrile Rash: An Early Diagnostic Clue to Infectious Illness in Travelers Returning from Thailand

Imad,

Putri,

Charoenwisedsil

et al. 2024

Reports

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The eruption of a rash along with spiking fever in travelers returning from the tropics may be suspicious of arboviral diseases, and isolation prevent further transmission in non-endemic countries. The case presented here was seen at the Fever Clinic at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases in Bangkok, Thailand. The presenting complaints were fever, headache, myalgia, and a distinctive erythematous blanching rash. Despite a negative dengue NS1 test on the initial day, anti-dengue IgM and IgG were detectable on day five of illness. Dengue, a leading cause of traveler’s fever with rash, is of particular concern, especially during outbreaks like the one in Thailand in 2023, when the number of cases exceeded one hundred thousand over a nine-month period. The influx of 28 million travelers in 2023, many with naive immunity to many arboviruses, raises fear of transmission to temperate regions, including to countries like France, where Aedes albopictus establishment can lead to autochthonous dengue cases and clusters. Enhanced surveillance is crucial, urging the consideration of dengue as a potential diagnosis in travelers with febrile rash, even prior to lab confirmation. Immediate isolation of patients is essential to prevent autochthonous transmission, reduce outbreak risks, and avert public health crises.

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Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Chikungunya and Dengue Infections in Provincial Hospitals of Davao de Oro, Philippines

Arce,

Boonak,

Bernasor

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and chikungunya are endemic in the tropical region and is a common cause of acute febrile illness in both adults and children. The Philippines, home to over a hundred million residents and visited by several million tourists each year, is one such region where the risk of these diseases is endemic. To better understand the detailed situation, we estimated the proportion of these diseases in the community by conducting a prospective observational study conducted in four provincial hospitals of Davao de Oro, Philippines from February 2019 to February 2020. Serum from 382 study participant was used for laboratory confirmation of dengue or chikungunya either by antigen, antibody or by RT-PCR. Dengue was diagnosed in 57.1%, chikungunya 7.07%, co-infection with both dengue and chikungunya in 7.3%, and the etiology was undetermined in 35.9% of study participants. Common clinical symptoms included fever, headache, and rash, which were overlapping symptoms and clinically indistinguishable at presentation to the hospital, necessitating the need for laboratory diagnostics. The identification of the presence of chikungunya in Davao de Oro calls for increased awareness, improved diagnostics, and integrated disease control measures to manage outbreaks that can occur in dengue endemic regions.

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A Case Report of Secondary Syphilis Co-Infected with Measles: A Diagnostic Dilemma with Fever and Rash

Cited by 3 publications

References 73 publications

Oral Secondary Syphilis in an HIV-Positive Transgender Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Oral Secondary Syphilis in an HIV-Positive Transgender Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Febrile Rash: An Early Diagnostic Clue to Infectious Illness in Travelers Returning from Thailand

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Chikungunya and Dengue Infections in Provincial Hospitals of Davao de Oro, Philippines

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