A case study for block-based linked data generation: Recipes as jigsaw puzzles

Abstract

This article is a proof-of-concept case study to evaluate the functionality of a block metaphor–based linked data generator. In this work, we chose to produce linked data repository of recipes, which provide a medium for people to share their regional and healthy recipes with the masses. However, the same approach can also be adapted easily to other domains. Therefore, the applicability of our approach extends well beyond the food domain that we are considering in this article. As a medium for information sharing and understanding between heterogeneous systems, ontologies will play an important role in the realisation of the Internet of things (IoT) vision. Therefore, an ontology-based recipe repository would also be one of the basic blocks of a smart kitchen environment. However, building ontologies is a challenging task, especially for users who are not conversant in the ontology building languages. This article proposes an approach that can be used even by non-experts and facilitates the sharing and searching of recipe data. In our case, we exploit the features of the block paradigm to publish recipes in Linked Data format. In this way, users do not have to know the OWL (Web Ontology Language) syntax and the text input is kept minimal. As far as we know, this article is the first study that produces linked data using Blockly in the literature. We also conducted a user-based evaluation of the proposed approach using the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire.

Utilization of text mining as a big data analysis tool for food science and nutrition

“…ONE ontology was developed for enhancing reporting and communication of nutritional epidemiologic studies and data (Yang et al., ). And an ontology‐based recipe repository that describes cooking terms and activities was developed for facilitating the sharing and searching of recipe data (Öztürk, & Özacar, ).…”

Context-based understanding of food-related queries using a culinary knowledge model

“…Faceted IR (FaIR) showcases the formalisation of facets, where the system provides an interface that allows users to interact with facets by selecting concepts under different facets, thereby modifying the retrieved results [48]. Öztürk and Özacar [49] demonstrate an approach to publishing recipe datasets in linked data format, thereby enabling users (non-experts in ontology) to produce recipe-linked data using recipe-based ontology. Ellis and Vasconcelos [50] address the lack of communication between web-designers and users by bringing web-developers and potential web-users into one common platform of understanding, and by organising a hypertext concept through facet analysis, thereby generating a hypertext knowledge base for designers and a knowledge base interface for users.…”

Facilitating Data Curation: a Solution Developed in the Toxicology Domain

“…Experiments already indicated that users with similar backgrounds achieved higher performance and had a lower perceived mental workload when creating Linked Data mappings [6]. Recently, [7] reported on a block-based approach for instantiating a recipe ontology and an evaluation with an experiment involving 14 participants. Their method consists of designing blocks and mapping their contents to RDF according to their ontology.…”

“…This indicates that this metaphor has already been adopted within the community for different purposes. Similar to [7], we adopt this metaphor for the creation of RDF. While the advantage of [7] is the control over the blocks they design for their ontology, the disadvantage is that the approach will not scale well as the ontology evolves, as is the case in our setup.…”

“…Similar to [7], we adopt this metaphor for the creation of RDF. While the advantage of [7] is the control over the blocks they design for their ontology, the disadvantage is that the approach will not scale well as the ontology evolves, as is the case in our setup. We overcome this problem by rendering the generation of blocks in a more generic way by introducing an additional layer from which blocks are derived.…”