A Case Study of a Small Diameter Gravity Sewerage System in Zolkiewka Commune, Poland

Nawrot, T.; Matz, Radosław; Błażejewski, R.; Spychała, Marcin

doi:10.3390/w10101358

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…head loss data [22]. The influence of sand on head losses has been confirmed in studies which show that head losses increase with increasing sand concentration and grain size [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Wichowski

Siwiec

Kalenik

2019

Water

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The article presents the results of tests of minor head losses through PVC and PP elbows for a flow of water and mixtures of water and sand with grain sizes of up to 0.5 mm and concentrations of 5.6 g·L−1, 10.84 g·L−1, and 15.73 g·L−1. The tests were carried out at variable flow velocities for three elbow diameters of 63 mm, 75 mm, and 90 mm. The flow rate, pressure difference in the tested cross-sections, and temperature of the fluids were measured and automatically recorded. The results of the measurements were used to develop mathematical models for determining the minor head loss coefficient as a function of elbow diameter, sand concentration in the liquid, and Reynolds number. The mathematical model was developed by cross validation. It was shown that when the concentration of sand in the liquid was increased by 1.0 g∙L−1, the coefficient of minor head loss through the elbows increased, in the Reynolds number range of 4.6 × 104–2.1 × 105, by 0.3–0.01% for PP63, 0.6–0.03% for PP75, 1.1–0.06% for PP90, 0.8−0.01% for PVC63, 0.8–0.02% for PVC75, and 0.9–0.04% for PVC90. An increase in Re from 5 × 104 to 2 × 106 for elbows with diameters of 63, 75 and 90 mm caused a 7.3%, 6.8%, and 6.0% decrease in the minor head loss coefficient, respectively.

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“…head loss data [22]. The influence of sand on head losses has been confirmed in studies which show that head losses increase with increasing sand concentration and grain size [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Wichowski

Siwiec

Kalenik

2019

Water

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“…This was caused by the closure of many unprofitable industrial plants, which often had high water consumption. In the case of households, one important factor that reduced consumption was the widespread metering of tap water consumption and its increased price, as was the spread of water-saving sanitary installations and household appliances [16]. Rural areas' increased water consumption was due to two main factors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water and Sewage Management Issues in Rural Poland

Piasecki¹

2019

Water

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Water and sewage management in Poland has systematically been transformed in terms of quality and quantity since the 1990s. Currently, the most important problem in this matter is posed by areas where buildings are spread out across rural areas. The present work aims to analyse the process of changes and the current state of water and sewage management in rural areas of Poland. The author intended to present the issues in their broader context, paying attention to local specificity as well as natural and economic conditions. The analysis led to the conclusion that there have been significant positive changes in water and sewage infrastructure in rural Poland. A several-fold increase in the length of sewage and water supply networks and number of sewage treatment plants was identified. There has been an increase in the use of water and treated sewage, while raw sewage has been minimised. Tap-water quality and wastewater treatment standards have improved. At the same time, areas requiring further improvement—primarily wastewater management—were indicated. It was identified that having only 42% of the rural population connected to a collective sewerage system is unsatisfactory. All the more so, in light of the fact that more than twice as many consumers are connected to the water supply network (85%). The major ecological threat that closed-system septic sewage tanks pose is highlighted. It is pointed out that they are mainly being replaced by household wastewater treatment systems with ineffective filtering drainage. Furthermore, recommendations were also made for the future development of selected aspects of water and sewage management, including the legal and the political.

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“…These studies have focused on areas like the optimization of the sewer systems, improvements on the performance of treatment plants, sludge systems and the least cost design of detention tanks. Despite efforts done in solving problems related to sewer systems, still, some challenges continue to exist such as leakage of wastewater from the system [7]. This study is the continuation of the work done by [8] on the determination of an average uplifting force exerting to the manhole cover during overflow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

CFD Study and Investigation of the Critical Ratio for Pressure-Head Ratio inside Drainage Manholes

Baseka¹,

Masanja²

2022

IJASRE

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The objective of this research is to study the pressure-head rising inside manhole in pipelines, in relationship with the ratio from manhole diameters to its pipes diameters. The research team adopted CFD to simulate the manhole flows, at different conditions of varying inlet and outlet pipes diameter and manhole diameters. The risk of manhole overflow can also be reduced by controlling how fast is the rate of pressure-head rise per given flow rate. To reduce the peak and rate of rising of pressure-head column inside the manhole to be attained, the ratio between manhole widths (diameter) to its pipe diameter should be taken into considerations. Based on CFD analysis it is found that, ratios less than 3 are shown to have better results, producing lower peak values of pressure-head to be attained inside manholes.

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A Case Study of a Small Diameter Gravity Sewerage System in Zolkiewka Commune, Poland

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Effect of the Concentration of Sand in a Mixture of Water and Sand Flowing through PP and PVC Elbows on the Minor Head Loss Coefficient

Water and Sewage Management Issues in Rural Poland

CFD Study and Investigation of the Critical Ratio for Pressure-Head Ratio inside Drainage Manholes

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