A Case study of Exergy Losses of a Ground Heat Pump and Photovoltaic Cells System and Their Optimization

Abstract

The aim of this scientific research is to experimentally determine the exergy losses of a ground heat pump and further optimization for more efficient use of operating modes and improvement of individual structural elements. In addition, it is proposed to use photovoltaic panels as a backup power source for the experimental installation under study. The exergetic losses are calculated, not only for the ground heat pump itself, with R407C refrigerant. The research methodology consists in a comprehensive assessment of exergetic flows, their optimization using new methods of approximation of piecewise linear functions, and the development of prerequisites for the use of anergy as one of the components of a new type of analysis of the efficiency of low-potential energy sources. As a result of processing the experimental data, the values of Coefficient of performance (COP) 4.136, exergetic temperature for the lower heat source 0.0253 and for the upper heat source 0.155, exergetic efficiency of the installation 0.62, and total loss of specific exergy of the heat pump 24.029 kJ/kg were obtained. Controllers with the Modbus protocol were used for data collection. Matlab Simulink was used to process the experimental data. When carrying out the procedure for optimizing the operating modes and selecting several modes with minimal exergetic losses, an important role is given to mathematical methods of processing statistical data. The method of increasing the efficiency of the heat pump is shown, first of all, based on the use of photovoltaic panels as a backup power source and optimization of exergetic losses due to exergo-anergetic evaluation of operating modes. The authors present the measurement errors of the heat pump plant parameters in the form of a 3D Gaussian curve, which becomes possible only when applying new approximation methods in the processing of measurements.

Methodological Foundations for Modeling the Processes of Combining Organic Fuel Generation Systems and Photovoltaic Cells into a Single Energy Technology Complex

“…It is found that even with a significant number of harmonics (in our case n = 1000) the approximation error is very high. This shows the Gibbs effect [3], even though the delta function is non-negative. The minimum value of the constructed approximation is negative and is-69.182.…”

“…Technical and technological models should describe the dynamics of the physical interaction of objects of the hybrid network of the complex being formed. Taking into account the scientific and practical results of the research, the article examines in detail the possibilities of improving the 3rd efficiency of hybrid energy micro-grid facilities [1][2][3][4][5]. The predominantly heat-energy nature of the study determines the geographical limitations on the scale of the complex being formed: objects II-V can be placed at distances of no more than 25 km (the maximum possibility of network physical interaction according to the permissible 3rd efficiency of heat transfer).…”

“…Software systems based on neural network algorithms should be able to process a large array of data and select the weight coefficients of the controlled parameters. Therefore, Kosko neural network algorithms are suitable for these purposes [1][2][3][4][5]. SCADA systems are designed for process control.…”

“…It should also be noted that enterprises located in continental and subarctic climates require heat to cover the needs for heating, ventilation and hot water supply. It is very difficult to combine small-scale energy facilities, enterprises, and private consumers of heat and electricity within the framework of standard technological schemes [3,4]. In this case, the goal of the study is to develop new methodological approaches to creating a single energy technology complex with a dispatching and control system based on neural network technologies and the Internet of Things.…”

“…Maximum average indicators of energy and environmental efficiency of separate functioning of macro grid objects of type III-V, %[1][2][3][4][5][6].…”