A case study on the comparison of terrestrial methods and unmanned aerial vehicle technique in landslide surveys: Sarıcaeli landslide, Çanakkale, NW Turkey

Erenoǧlu, Ramazan Cüneyt; Erenoğlu, Oya

doi:10.30897/ijegeo.468061

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Besides, in recent years unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have seen great improvements that offer enormous advantages for mapping and monitoring in a short period, mostly on a local scale (Boccardo et al 2015;Yusoff et al 2018) and unmanned aerial vehicles have become widespread in different application areas. Like many important developments, UAV systems, which have been used mostly for military purposes, are now widely used in civilian applications recently (Erenoğlu and Erenoğlu, 2018). UAVs could be utilized for Earth observation, geomorphology, environment monitoring etc.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rockfall Analysis Based on UAV Technology in Kazıklıali Gorge, Aladağlar (Taurus Mountains, Turkey)

Utlu

Öztürk

Şimşek

2020

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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Rockfall is one of the most dangerous hazards in mountainous and hilly areas. In this study, rockfall characteristics of the Kazıklıali Gorge (0.25 km 2) in the lower Emli River Basin located in the SW part of the Aladağlar Mountains was investigated using unmanned air vehicle (UAV) technology and rockfall modeling. To determine rockfall properties, an orthophoto and digital surface model which have a 3 cm resolution were created using UAV images. Then, whole fallen blocks more than 0.5 m in diameter were digitized as polygons in GIS. As a result, 10,348 fallen rocks were determined in Kazıklıali Gorge. Via these polygons, density maps were created and frequency distributions were calculated. According to the spatial distribution of density, the geomorphological characteristics of the canyon affect the rockfall density. While the upper and middle parts of the canyon which are the narrowest have high density, the lower part of the valley which is the largest part has low density. The results of 3D rockfall analysis show that the maximum kinetic energy, maximum jump height and maximum velocity reaches 1400 kJ, 15 m and 32 m/s on the canyon walls, respectively. The upper and middle parts of the canyon walls which correspond to high rockfall density have maximum kinetic energy, rock jump height and rock velocity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rockfall Analysis Based on UAV Technology in Kazıklıali Gorge, Aladağlar (Taurus Mountains, Turkey)

Utlu

Öztürk

Şimşek

2020

International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics

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“…Through the photogrammetric process, all 3D data were generated in the PCD format. In many studies, GCPs were used to geo-reference xyz coordinates in PCDs [18,50,51]. In the present study, the coordinates collected from the centers of all 29 GCPs using GNSS were imported into the PCDs in shapefile format.…”

Section: Dsm Generationmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAV Photogrammetry for Soil Surface Deformation Detection in a Timber Harvesting Area, South Korea

Kim

et al. 2023

Forests

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During forest operations, canopy removal results in the soil surface being vulnerable to deformation, negatively impacting soil fertility and water quality. This study utilized unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry to accurately detect soil surface deformation (SSD). Two-dimensional images were safely collected on a steep slope without real-time kinematics by conducting vertically parallel flights (VPFs). A high-resolution digital surface model (DSM) with a <3 cm resolution was acquired for precise SSD detection. Using DSM of difference (DoD), SSDs were calculated from DSMs acquired in June, July, September, and October 2022. By checking spatial distances at ground control points, errors of DSM alignments were confirmed as only 3 cm, 11.1 cm, and 4 cm from July to June, September to June, and October to June, respectively. From the first month of monitoring, erosion and deposition of approximately 7 cm and 9 cm, respectively, were detected at validation points (VPs). However, from total monitoring, cumulative SSD was assessed as having deposition tendencies at all VPs, even compared to ground truths. Although UAV photogrammetry can detect SSDs, spatial distortion may occur during UAV surveys. For vegetation growth issues, UAV photogrammetry may be unable to capture data on the soil surface itself.

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“…Nolan et al obtained data with a GSD of 10-20 cm in an area over tens of square kilometers and verified that the accuracy and precision (repeatability) of direct georeferencing were better than ±30 and ±8 cm, respectively, at 95% RMSE [18]. In the other two studies, the vertical RMSE did not exceed 10 and 20 cm, respectively [19,20]. The accuracy of the vertical direction is not always able to meet the requirements, and the accuracy can only reach the meter level in some studies [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Accuracy Assessment of a UAV Direct Georeferencing Method and Impact of the Configuration of Ground Control Points

Liu

Lian

Yang³

et al. 2022

Drones

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can obtain high-resolution topography data flexibly and efficiently at low cost. However, the georeferencing process involves the use of ground control points (GCPs), which limits time and cost effectiveness. Direct georeferencing, using onboard positioning sensors, can significantly improve work efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-assisted UAV direct georeferencing method and the influence of the number and distribution of GCPs. A FEIMA D2000 UAV was used to collect data, and several photogrammetric projects were established. Among them, the number and distribution of GCPs used in the bundle adjustment (BA) process were varied. Two parameters were considered when evaluating the different projects: the ground-measured checkpoints (CPs) root mean square error (RMSE) and the Multiscale Model to Model Cloud Comparison (M3C2) distance. The results show that the vertical and horizontal RMSE of the direct georeferencing were 0.087 and 0.041 m, respectively. As the number of GCPs increased, the RMSE gradually decreased until a specific GCP density was reached. GCPs should be uniformly distributed in the study area and contain at least one GCP near the center of the domain. Additionally, as the distance to the nearest GCP increased, the local accuracy of the DSM decreased. In general, UAV direct georeferencing has an acceptable positional accuracy level.

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A case study on the comparison of terrestrial methods and unmanned aerial vehicle technique in landslide surveys: Sarıcaeli landslide, Çanakkale, NW Turkey

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Rockfall Analysis Based on UAV Technology in Kazıklıali Gorge, Aladağlar (Taurus Mountains, Turkey)

Rockfall Analysis Based on UAV Technology in Kazıklıali Gorge, Aladağlar (Taurus Mountains, Turkey)

UAV Photogrammetry for Soil Surface Deformation Detection in a Timber Harvesting Area, South Korea

Accuracy Assessment of a UAV Direct Georeferencing Method and Impact of the Configuration of Ground Control Points

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