A Casualty of Peace? Lessons on De-militarizing Conservation in the Cordillera del Condor Corridor

Ali, Saleem H.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18991-4_8

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In fact, there is extensive literature suggesting that cooperation over transboundary waters might extend to broader contexts as well as improve relations among sharing countries (Ali, 2007, 2018; Conca, 2012; Conca & Dabelko, 2002; Khagram & Ali, 2006; Pahl-Wostl et al., 2013; Wolf et al., 2005). However, in the Arpacay/Akhuryan case, the efforts of the USSR and Turkey as well as the extensive local cooperation did not translate to broader water cooperation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the black triangle, cooperation is very unlikely, as international relations are bad while management scale is high level.Hypothesis 3: Polycentric governance can sustain local cooperation but does not lead to national-level environmental peacebuilding (EPB).Polycentric management might be key to the cooperation in this context; however, it might have weaknesses. For instance, there is extensive EPB literature suggesting that cooperation over transboundary waters might extend to broader contexts as well as improve relations among sharing countries (Ali, 2007, 2018; Conca, 2012; Conca & Dabelko, 2002; Khagram & Ali, 2006; Pahl-Wostl, Conca, Kramer, Maestu, & Schmidt, 2013; Wolf et al., 2005). All the cited examples have severe interparty conflicts and no diplomatic dialogue.…”

Section: Constructing Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border

Altingoz

Ali

2019

The Journal of Environment & Development

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Due to historical grievances, Armenia and Turkey experience severe international conflicts and do not maintain diplomatic ties. Yet, as a vestige of the Soviet period, when Armenia was not an independent country, both nations share the Arpacay/Akhuryan Dam, and riparian cooperation exists at the local level. We observed that local cross-border water institutions are authorized to manage the dam and do so via polycentric management principles. We suggest that such a devolved model of governance facilitates this unique cooperation. Furthermore, there is a positive relationship between private management of water resources in such areas and the ability to sustain cooperation. However, so far, the positive impacts of this cooperation on improving international relations have been little, if any. We suggest that what makes cooperation possible in this context also inhibits its expansion to broader peacebuilding. We also suggest that increased localization of management, coincident with improved relations, maximizes cooperation potential.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Constructing Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border

Altingoz

Ali

2019

The Journal of Environment & Development

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“…The park overlaps with the territories of but was established without the consultation of local indigenous people. As a result, these people lost (legal) access to areas where they have collected food, wood and medical plants for decades due to the conservation regime established by the park (Ali, 2019). In other words: The discrimination of indigenous populations by the state fuelled local resistance (as well as delegitimisation of the state) and reduced livelihood security.…”

Section: Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This should be especially true for those groups directly affected by the respective practices. Examples from the cases already discussed in this paper include: protests against state-led dam projects and the associated displacement in the Mekong region (Kirchherr, et al, 2016), reduced trust in Ecuadorian and Peruvian state institutions by indigenous groups that faced discrimination in the Cordillera del Cóndor region (Ali, 2019), and violent contestation of state-led mineral resource management in Sierra Leone (Johnson, 2019).…”

Section: Delegitimisation Of the Statementioning

confidence: 99%

The dark side of environmental peacebuilding

Ide

2020

World Development

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Environmental peacebuilding refers to efforts aimed at building more peaceful relations through environmental cooperation, natural resource management, climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. It is an emerging research field with the potential to integrate various lines of environmental security research. Environmental peacebuilding practices have also been widely applied by conservation, development and peacebuilding practitioners, including those working at the grass-roots level in local communities. While its positive effects are considerable, environmental peacebuilding can also have adverse effects. This dark side of environmental peacebuilding has received little attention and remains under-researched. Based on evidence from a broad set of cases located in various world regions, I discuss these adverse effects within six categories (the "six Ds"): depoliticisation, displacement, discrimination, deterioration into conflict, delegitimisation of the state, and degradation of the environment. Only with sufficient consideration of these adverse effects, their interactions and the associated risk factors will environmental peacebuilding be able to fully develop its potential to simultaneously address environmental problems and threats to peace.

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“…An example of such a challenge is found in the post‐conflict scenario of the Cordillera‐del Condor conflict resolution process between Ecuador and Peru. Although the broader international conflict between Ecuador and Peru has abated as a result of the peace agreement that was mediated by the USA and Brazil in the late 1990s, the space created by the absence of militaries has also allowed for micro‐conflicts to arise internally on both sides of the border (Ali, ).…”

Section: Case Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting at the borders: Negotiating political and ecological geographies of movement in mineral frontiers

Ali

2018

Sustainable Development

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This paper questions the drive towards more ecologically determined porosity across national borders in the context of incongruent economic regulation and incentives. The push towards regionalization and less austere border conditions have socio‐ecological salience and deserve consideration. However, mining creates human and financial capital flows across “mineral frontiers” which deserve greater attention by policy‐makers who are advocating for more relaxed border conditions. While minerals frontiers can be areas of cooperation under certain circumstances, they are highly vulnerable to acting as threat multipliers if not effectively monitored. A typology from border studies is used to develop a framework of how mineral resource projects can lead to human movement across borders. While mining projects in resource frontiers can be a means of fostering regional cooperation, they can also create vulnerabilities involving the migrants. The ways in which development donors and companies can facilitate more constructive harmonization of regulatory mechanisms to prevent such vulnerabilities are examined.

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A Casualty of Peace? Lessons on De-militarizing Conservation in the Cordillera del Condor Corridor

Cited by 6 publications

References 3 publications

Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border

Environmental Cooperation in Conflict Zones: Riparian Infrastructure at the Armenian–Turkish Border

The dark side of environmental peacebuilding

Extracting at the borders: Negotiating political and ecological geographies of movement in mineral frontiers

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