A catalogue of 108 extended planetary nebulae observed by GALEX

Abstract

We present the ultraviolet (UV) imaging observation of planetary nebulae (PNe) using archival data of Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX). We found 358 PNe detected by GALEX in near-UV (NUV). We have compiled a catalogue of 108 extended PNe with sizes greater than 8 and provided the angular diameters for all the 108 extended PNe in NUV and 28 in FUV from the GALEX images considering 3σ surface brightness level above the background. Of the 108 PNe, 74 are elliptical, 24 are circular and 10 are bipolar in NUV with most being larger in the UV than in the radio, Hα or optical. We derived luminosities for 33 PNe in FUV (L FUV ) and 89 PNe in NUV (L NUV ) and found that most of the sources are very bright in UV. The

Planetary nebulae and how to find them: A concise review

“…Where available, GALEX (Martin et al, 2005) UV data can also be used to reveal hitherto invisible ionising stars, e.g. and other properties, (Pradhan et al, 2019;Hillwig et al, 2022). At higher energies more targeted, high resolution X-ray data of PNe are being obtained with Chandra (Kastner et al, 2012;Freeman et al, 2014;Montez et al, 2015) after earlier work with ROSAT (Kreysing et al, 1992;Guerrero et al, 2000).…”

A Geometrical Model for the Evolution of Spherical Planetary Nebulae Based on Thin-Shell Formalism

“…With a visual classification [32], around 20% of all PNe are round [33]. However, one should beware of projection effects [8] which may cause taking a PN of a different morphology (elliptical or bipolar) for a spherical or round, when observed from a wrong angle.…”