A CBL-interacting protein kinase AdCIPK5 confers salt and osmotic stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco

Abstract

cBL interacting protein kinases play important roles in adaptation to stress conditions. in the present study, we isolated a CBL-interacting protein kinase homolog (AdCIPK5) from a wild peanut (Arachis diogoi) with similarity to AtCIPK5 of Arabidopsis. Expression analyses in leaves of the wild peanut showed AdCIPK5 induction by exogenous signaling molecules including salicylic acid, abscisic acid and ethylene or abiotic stress factors like salt, PEG and sorbitol. The recombinant AdCIPK5-GFP protein was found to be localized to the nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. We overexpressed AdCIPK5 in tobacco plants and checked their level of tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. While wild type and transgenic plants displayed no significant differences to the treatment with the phytopathogen, Phytophthora parasitica pv nicotianae, the expression of AdCIPK5 increased salt and osmotic tolerance in transgenic plants. Analysis of different physiological parameters revealed that the transgenic plants maintained higher chlorophyll content and catalase activity with lower levels of H 2 o 2 and MDA content during the abiotic stress conditions. AdCIPK5 overexpression also contributed to the maintenance of a higher the K + /na + ratio under salt stress. The enhanced tolerance of transgenic plants was associated with elevated expression of stress-related marker genes; NtERD10C, NtERD10D, NtNCED1, NtSus1, NtCAT and NtSOS1. Taken together, these results indicate that AdCIPK5 is a positive regulator of salt and osmotic stress tolerance. Plants have developed an elaborate network of signaling pathways to counter the challenges posed by various stressful environmental conditions. In general, Ca 2+ serves as an ubiquitous secondary messenger that is reported to be involved in several biological processes including abiotic stress responses, pathogen defense and ion homeostasis adjustment 1. Studies on Ca 2+ dynamics have indicated stimulus-specific elevations in cytosolic Ca 2+ concentration, termed as 'calcium signatures'. To decode each signature, cells retain precise tools and mechanisms that include Ca 2+ sensors and their downstream target proteins 2. The sensor proteins exhibit a Ca 2+ binding site in their helix-loop-helix region 3. These proteins are classified into two categories as sensor responders and sensor relays 4. Sensor responders such as Ca 2+ dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) contain both Ca 2+ binding and kinase activities, while sensor relays like calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML) do not exhibit kinase activity. However, after binding with Ca 2+ , they interact with other protein kinases to regulate their activities 5. Compared to other organisms, the Ca 2+ signaling mechanism in plants is more complex with the acquisition of several specific Ca 2+ sensor proteins. The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) family is one of these specific sensor proteins. Arabidopsis CBL4/SOS3 is the first CBL protein reported from the plant system 6. Since then, several CBL proteins have been identified from diff...

Spruce giga‐genomes: structurally similar yet distinctive with differentially expanding gene families and rapidly evolving genes

“…Of those, a CBL‐interacting protein kinase and S‐Phase Kinase‐Associated Protein 2A (SKP2A) were also implicated in local adaptation in lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta ) and interior spruce (Yeaman et al., 2016). The CBL‐interacting protein kinase family has also been found to be involved in response to stresses in angiosperms (Singh et al., 2020), while SKP2A is an auxin‐binding protein that connects auxin signaling and cell division (Jurado et al., 2010). These annotations are indicative of potentially important adaptive roles which appear to be largely shared across plants.…”

Chromosome‐scale genome assembly and population genomics provide insights into the adaptation, domestication, and flavonoid metabolism of Chinese plum

“…The evolution of stress-related genes is a crucial part of the adaptation process. Notably, we observed that selection sweeps (harboring stress-related genes) overlapped with each other in the different comparisons, suggesting that a subset of genomic regions were selected during domestication and may have undergone successive selections, such as genes encoding hypersensitivity-related protein (HSR) (Lacomme and Roby, 1999), cellulose synthase (CeS) (Burn et al, 2002), plant disease resistance proteins (Martin et al, 2003), ABC transporters (ABCTs) (Martinoia et al, 2002), cytochrome P450 (CYP450) (Field and Osbourn, 2008), callose synthase (CaS) (Shi et al, 2016), CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) (Singh et al, 2020), and a-farnesene synthase (AFS) (Jin et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2019) (Table S28). In addition, for the transcription factors involved in the development processes, disease resistance, and hormone-related functions (e.g., indole-3butyric acid, abscisic acid, and ethylene), the nucleotide diversities of the F and NE groups were significantly higher (Figure S18a; Table S28).…”

Functional Characterization of PsnNAC036 under Salinity and High Temperature Stresses

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