A Century of Powder Diffraction: a Brief History

Etter, Martin; Dinnebiér, Robert E.

doi:10.1002/zaac.201400526

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Epochal developments such as Rietveld renement 6 and the advent of large scale synchrotron and neutron facilities have allowed materials scientists to tackle structures, materials and problems of ever increasing complexity. 7,8 The result is an explosion in the diversity of the materials we use every day, which has caused a fundamental change in our society and way of life. 9 Still ahead lies challenges to develop cheaper, more sustainable and greener materials with improved properties, tailormade for new technologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There's no place like real-space: elucidating size-dependent atomic structure of nanomaterials using pair distribution function analysis

2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There's no place like real-space: elucidating size-dependent atomic structure of nanomaterials using pair distribution function analysis

2020

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“…While noting the unique behavior of light and its shape when being shone through a pinhole, scientist and researcher Francesco Grimaldi in 1618 termed the phenomenon "diffraction" [44]. Diffraction essentially involves taking a form of electromagnetic radiation, such as visible light or X-rays, and bouncing them off an object to produce a scattering effect that can reveal important characteristics of the material [45].…”

Section: Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Methods for the Characterization of Supramolecular Hydrogels

Denzer

Kulchar

Huang

et al. 2021

Gels

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With the increased research on supramolecular hydrogels, many spectroscopic, diffraction, microscopic, and rheological techniques have been employed to better understand and characterize the material properties of these hydrogels. Specifically, spectroscopic methods are used to characterize the structure of supramolecular hydrogels on the atomic and molecular scales. Diffraction techniques rely on measurements of crystallinity and help in analyzing the structure of supramolecular hydrogels, whereas microscopy allows researchers to inspect these hydrogels at high resolution and acquire a deeper understanding of the morphology and structure of the materials. Furthermore, mechanical characterization is also important for the application of supramolecular hydrogels in different fields. This can be achieved through atomic force microscopy measurements where a probe interacts with the surface of the material. Additionally, rheological characterization can investigate the stiffness as well as the shear-thinning and self-healing properties of the hydrogels. Further, mechanical and surface characterization can be performed by micro-rheology, dynamic light scattering, and tribology methods, among others. In this review, we highlight state-of-the-art techniques for these different characterization methods, focusing on examples where they have been applied to supramolecular hydrogels, and we also provide future directions for research on the various strategies used to analyze this promising type of material.

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“…Bragg peak intensities recorded during a powder diffraction experiment are an important part of the input for subsequent structural analysis (Parrish & Langford, 2004;Etter & Dinnebier, 2014). In both single-peak and full-pattern analysis formalisms, peak intensities from different phases of a multiphase aggregate are used to calculate their relative abundance (Klug & Alexander, 1974;Toraya, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expected values and variances of Bragg peak intensities measured in a nanocrystalline powder diffraction experiment

Öztürk

Noyan

2017

J Appl Cryst

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A rigorous study of sampling and intensity statistics applicable for a powder diffraction experiment as a function of crystallite size is presented. This analysis yields approximate equations for the expected value, variance and standard deviations for both the number of diffracting grains and the corresponding diffracted intensity for a given Bragg peak. The classical formalism published in 1948 by Alexander, Klug & Kummer [J. Appl. Phys. (1948), 19, 742-753] appears as a special case, limited to large crystallite sizes, in the present analysis. It is observed that both the Lorentz probability expression and the statistics equations used in the classical formalism are inapplicable for nanocrystalline powder samples.2 The angular width of a diffraction peak can be described by different parameters. The most common terms are the FWHM, used here, and the integral breadth. The FWHM is also termed half-width and, less commonly, breadth in general usage.

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A Century of Powder Diffraction: a Brief History

Cited by 22 publications

References 137 publications

There's no place like real-space: elucidating size-dependent atomic structure of nanomaterials using pair distribution function analysis

There's no place like real-space: elucidating size-dependent atomic structure of nanomaterials using pair distribution function analysis

Advanced Methods for the Characterization of Supramolecular Hydrogels

Expected values and variances of Bragg peak intensities measured in a nanocrystalline powder diffraction experiment

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