A changing environment and the epidemiology of tsetse-transmitted livestock trypanosomiasis

Bossche, Peter Van Den; Rocque, Stéphane De La; Hendrickx, Guy; Bouyer, Jérémy

doi:10.1016/j.pt.2010.02.010

Cited by 129 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…According to the distribution models, the entire study area is predicted to be suitable for G. tachinoides (Wint and Rogers, 2000;Wint, 2001). Contrary to G. palpalis gambiensis, G. tachinoides can cope with more open vegetation (Laveissière, 1976) and is less affected by anthropogenic changes of the vegetation (de La Rocque et al, 2001;Van den Bossche et al, 2010). Nevertheless, the observed distribution of G. tachinoides is possibly more patchy and the apparent density highest close to the river basins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine trypanosomosis in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Entomological, parasitological and serological cross-sectional surveys

Adam

Marcotty

Cecchi

et al. 2012

Research in Veterinary Science

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a b s t r a c tBaseline surveys were conducted in the Upper West Region of Ghana to assess the distribution and densities of tsetse species, as well as the prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis. The entomological survey was designed to cover the suitable tsetse habitats along the three main rivers in the study area (i.e. Black Volta, Kulpawn and Sissili). Results indicated the presence of Glossina tachinoides in all three river basins, whilst Glossina palpalis gambiensis was only found close to the southern limit of the study area. A random sampling of 1800 cattle of the West African Short Horn, Sanga and Zebu breeds from 36 randomly selected grid cells covering the study area showed substantial differences between parasitological and serological prevalences. The average parasitological prevalence was estimated at 2.5% (95% CI: 1.06-5.77) with the majority of the infections due to Trypanosoma vivax. Most of the infected cattle were found close to the major river systems. The serological prevalence, measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), test was 19% (95% CI: 14.03-25.35). Cattle with anti-trypanosomal antibodies were also found throughout the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine trypanosomosis in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Entomological, parasitological and serological cross-sectional surveys

Adam

Marcotty

Cecchi

et al. 2012

Research in Veterinary Science

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“…Increasing the number of livestock in farmlands drastically alters the subSaharan African environment by modifying not only the livestock distribution, but also the distribution of tsetse flies that feed on it (and possibly their nutritional behavior). Indeed, the importance of environmental factors to transmission intensity and trypanosome distribution is increasingly being recognized (Van den Bossche et al, 2010;Bouyer et al, 2013). Accordingly, a recent study of climate change effects on the evolution of African trypanosomiasis predicts that 46-77 million additional people will be at risk of sleeping sickness by 2090 (Moore et al, 2012).…”

Section: Global Changes and Sleeping Sickness Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adult blood-feeding tsetse flies, trypanosomes, microbiota and the fluctuating environment in sub-Saharan Africa

2014

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The tsetse fly vector transmits the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei, responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis, one of the most neglected tropical diseases. Despite a recent decline in new cases, it is still crucial to develop alternative strategies to combat this disease. Here, we review the literature on the factors that influence trypanosome transmission from the fly vector to its vertebrate host (particularly humans). These factors include climate change effects to pathogen and vector development (in particular climate warming), as well as the distribution of host reservoirs. Finally, we present reports on the relationships between insect vector nutrition, immune function, microbiota and infection, to demonstrate how continuing research on the evolving ecology of these complex systems will help improve control strategies. In the future, such studies will be of increasing importance to understand how vector-borne diseases are spread in a changing world.

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“…Mechanically transmitted Animal trypanosomosis or Surra caused by Trypanosoma evansi (Steel) worldwide and by T. vivax mainly in South America is not considered. For Nagana, and with a special focus on T. congolense and T. vivax, three major ecoepidemiological cycles related to cyclical transmission by tsetse have been described, and one mechanical cycle occurring at the limit of the tsetse distribution area (Pagabeleguem et al 2012; Van den Bossche et al 2010).…”

Section: Description Of the Different Epidemiological Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tsetse density, lifespan and diversity tends to reduce (Van den Bossche et al 2010). The virulence of trypanosome strains is reduced by their circulation within the cattle compartment, although virulent strains can be imported from the former areas by transhumant herds.…”

Section: Endemic Trypanosomosismentioning

confidence: 99%

6. Integrated control of trypanosomosis

Gimonneau

Rayaissé

Bouyer

2018

Pests and Vector-Borne Diseases in the Livestock Industry

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In many parts of Africa, tsetse eradication is impossible due to political, environmental or economic circumstances. In these situations, African animal trypanosomosis control relies on communities or farmer-based control, implemented at a local scale in accordance to the ecoepidemiological context and the cattle rearing system to be sustainable. Management of the African animal trypanosomosis requires integrated controls strategies that combine the use of more than one locally-based tool and where possible, needs to be assisted by veterinarians and other animal health professionals. Several tsetse control methods based on insecticide treated cattle (i.e. pour-on, manual spraying, community bath) and insecticide treated target (traps and screens impregnated with insecticides) are available and should be complemented with diagnostic tests and medication (active trypanocides with prophylactic and/or therapeutic action). However, their adoption is mainly dependent on the engagement of communities, farmers and herders. Indeed, the adoption of a locally-adapted control strategy will depend on farmers socio-technical networks, the cost-effectiveness of the control activities, as well as the time and cost for implementation. In general, insecticide treated cattle methods are the most suitable and acceptable for farmers, because they protect a private good i.e. cattle, whereas insecticide treated targets are generally considered to provide a public good. Nonetheless, selection of the most appropriate tools requires consideration of local disease epidemiology (including host-parasite coevolution), local environmental and socio-economic constraints. The active involvement of communities, farmers and herders is essential from the beginning of the conception of innovative control strategies, and the cost of local integrated pest management should be reduced as much as possible, to be adopted as an acceptable and sustainable animal production cost.

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A changing environment and the epidemiology of tsetse-transmitted livestock trypanosomiasis

Cited by 129 publications

References 43 publications

Bovine trypanosomosis in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Entomological, parasitological and serological cross-sectional surveys

Bovine trypanosomosis in the Upper West Region of Ghana: Entomological, parasitological and serological cross-sectional surveys

Adult blood-feeding tsetse flies, trypanosomes, microbiota and the fluctuating environment in sub-Saharan Africa

6. Integrated control of trypanosomosis

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