A chemical platform approach on cardanol oil: from the synthesis of building blocks to polymer synthesis

Abstract

-This review proposes a platform approach for the synthesis of various building blocks from cardanol oil in one or two-steps synthesis. Cardanol is a natural phenol issued from Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL). CNSL is a non-edible renewable resource, co-produced from cashew industry in large commercial volumes. Cardanol is non-toxic and particularly suitable as an aromatic renewable resource for polymers and materials. Various routes were used for the synthesis of di-and poly-functional building blocks used thereafter in polymer syntheses. Phenolation was used to dimerize/oligomerize cardanol to propose increase functionality of cardanol. Thio-ene was used to synthesize new reactive amines. Epoxidation and (meth)acrylation were also used to insert oxirane or (meth)acrylate groups in order to synthesize polymers and materials.Keywords: Cardanol / epoxide / acrylate / carbonate / amine / vinyl ester Résumé -Une approche plateforme de l'huile de cardanol : de la synthèse d'intermédiaires réactionnels à la synthèse de polymères. Cet article présente une approche plateforme de synthèse d'intermédiaires réactionnels variés pour l'élaboration de polymères à partir de cardanol. Le cardanol est un phénol naturel issu de l'huile de coque de noix de cajou -Cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), une ressource renouvelable non-alimentaire coproduit de l'industrie de la noix de cajou. Le cardanol est non-toxique est particulièrement adapté pour l'intégration de noyaux aromatiques dans des polymers et des matériaux biosourcés. Différentes voies ont été envisages pour la synthèse d'intermédiaires réaction-nels di-et poly-fonctionnels pour la synthèse de polymères. La phénolation a été utilisée pour dimériser/oligomériser le cardanol pour augmenter sa fonctionnalité. Le couplage thio-ene a été utilize pour élaborer de nouvelles amines réactives. L'époxidation et la (méth)acrylation ont permis la fonctionnalisation groupes oxirane ou (méth)acrylate afin d'élaborer des matériaux.

Non-endocrine disruptor effect for cardanol based plasticizer

“…Nevertheless, residual ethylenic protons were detected since the epoxidation conversion was close to 85% and was calculated using i, h, g signals between4.95 and 5.88 ppm. The differentiation of terminal (Hi and Hg) and ethylenic protons along the alkyl and fatty chains demonstrated the lower epoxidation conversion of terminal unsaturations (55%) than internal ones (94%) as previously reported by Jaillet and al [32].…”

Non-Conventional Features of Plant Oil-Based Acrylic Monomers in Emulsion Polymerization

“…It was demonstrated that the high reactivity of the vinyl group of the acrylate monomers based on plant oils determines the course of their polymerization and copolymerization by a free radical mechanism [ 21 ]. Caillol et al [ 22 , 23 ] proposed methods for the synthesis of a new monomer from cardanol ( Figure 2 ), which is isolated from cashew nuts. Reactivity of the cardanol-based monomer in the copolymerization reactions with the POBMs was studied [ 24 ].…”

“…In the study [ 23 ], synthetic pathways to molecular blocks from cardanol by one- or two-stage methods were reported. In particular: 1) dimerization/oligomerization of cardanol, to increase its functionality; 2) synthesis of reactive amines by thiolene coupling; 3) epoxidation and (meth)acrylation of cardanol for the synthesis of polymers and materials with oxirane or (meth)acrylate groups.…”

“…A feature of cardanol-based monomers and polymers is the presence of aromatic fragments and fatty moieties in their structure at the same time. The authors showed that cardanol-based polymeric materials have prospective properties for manufacturing coatings, in particular, with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties [ 23 ].…”

Biosourced vanillin Schiff base platform monomers as substitutes for DGEBA in thermoset epoxy

“…Nearly 90% of the epoxy resin in the world is still made from BPA. [22,23] Anticipated shortages of petroleum and increasing concerns about the environmental safety and sustainability of its use have led researchers in academia and industry to examine ways of developing polymers from renewable resources. [24] Epoxy resins are already being produced commercially from plant oils.…”