Non-endocrine disruptor effect for cardanol based plasticizer

Abstract

A series of bio-based epoxidized plasticizers (CExEp) for soft PVC was synthesized from cardanol and various fatty acids by esterification and epoxidation of the fatty and cardanol unsaturations. The plasticizing properties of these additives for PVC films were proved considering thermal and mechanical data. They seem to be a good bio-based alternative plasticizer to diisononyl phthalate (DINP), one of the most widespread phthalate plasticizers, with more flexible and stable films. Non epoxidized plasticizers (CEx) give satisfying results as secondary plasticizers of DINP whereas epoxidized ones act as primary plasticizers. The synergy between epoxy groups and cardanol ring to elaborate efficient primary plasticizers was demonstrated. Moreover, the eco-toxicity using daphnies, algae, and plants as model organisms and endocrinal disruptor tests (YES/YAS) were realized on the best candidate. Our results revealed that the fatty cardanol plasticizer causes a global decrease in toxicity compared to DINP and no harm for environment and human health were detected without reprotoxicity effect.

Synergistic Effects of Cardanol- and High Oleic Soybean Oil Vinyl Monomers in Miniemulsion Polymers

“…Both cardanol and cardanol derivatives have been applied in synthesis of materials for different applications, such as surfactants, plastics, thermosets, plasticizers, antioxidants, etc. [18][19][20][21] . Cardanol was reported to be used in the synthesis of cardanol-based benzoxazine resin for biocomposite formation 22 .…”

Design and synthesis of HFCA‐based plasticizers with asymmetrical alkyl chains for poly(vinyl chloride)

“…In recent years, a great deal of bio-based plasticizers derived from plant oils have been reported, such as triglycerides, 13,14 epoxidized vegetable oils, [15][16][17][18][19][20] castor oil based plasticizers, [21][22][23] tung oil based plasticizers, 24,25 and cardanol derivatives, 26,27 etc. Though these plasticizers are sustainable and environmental friendly, they can mainly be used as secondary plasticizers, which are attributed to their poor compatibility with PVC resin.…”

Effect of ketal group in castor oil acid‐based plasticizer on the properties of poly(vinyl chloride)

“…Currently, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is one of the most important and largest synthetic resins and is widely applied in agriculture, medical devices, building applications, because of its unique physical and mechanical properties 1–3 . However, the intrinsic rigidity and fragility of PVC hinders direct application in many cases.…”