A Chip‐Scale Optical Frequency Reference for the Telecommunication Band Based on Acetylene

Zektzer, Roy; Hummon, Matthew T.; Stern, Liron; Sebbag, Yoel; Barash, Yefim; Mazurski, Noa; Kitching, John; Levy, Uriel

doi:10.1002/lpor.201900414

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…For instance, the absorption contrast can serve as a precise thermometer. Moreover, the output can be used to lock the frequency of a laser within a miniaturized architecture ( 8 , 28 , 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the spectral resolving power (i.e., spectral resolution) of such grating-based devices is typically limited to ~0.1 nm for a footprint of 1 cm (1). For many applications such as Brillouin spectroscopy, laser frequency stabilization or the study of atomic spectroscopic lines, such resolution, is far from being sufficient, and a much higher spectral resolution is required (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). To accommodate the need for high spectral resolution, advanced spectrometers based on interferometric effects such as Fabry-Perot virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) or Michelson interferometers were developed and are nowadays commercially available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chip-scale atomic wave-meter enabled by machine learning

et al. 2022

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The quest for miniaturized optical wave-meters and spectrometers has accelerated the design of novel approaches in the field. Particularly, random spectrometers (RS) using the one-to-one correlation between the wavelength and an output random interference pattern emerged as a promising tool combining high spectral resolution and cost-effectiveness. Recently, a chip-scale platform for RS has been demonstrated with a markedly reduced footprint. Yet, despite the evident advantages of such modalities, they are very susceptible to environmental fluctuations and require an external calibration process. To address these challenges, we demonstrate a paradigm shift in the field, enabled by the integration of atomic vapor with a photonic chip and the use of a machine learning classification algorithm. Our approach provides a random wave-meter on chip device with accurate calibration and enhanced robustness against environmental fluctuations. The demonstrated device is expected to pave the way toward fully integrated spectrometers advancing the field of silicon photonics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chip-scale atomic wave-meter enabled by machine learning

et al. 2022

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“…For clarification, in this section, we will first theoretically review the basic physical principles of light-atom interactions. Then, we will demonstrate and compare four types of common nanostructures used for generating and confining light and controlling the light characteristics, namely, optical waveguide, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30] photonic crystal, [24,[31][32][33][34][35][36] metasurface, [37][38][39][40][41][42] and microcavity. [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Although they differ in shape or arrangement, these nanostructures can sometimes be designed to achieve similar functions, while different structures have their unique advantages.…”

Section: Light-atom Interaction Affected By Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐Chip Light–Atom Interactions: Physics and Applications

Wang

Chai

2022

Advanced Photonics Research

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The large volumes induced by complex free‐space optical paths pose a challenge to quantum precision measurement and optical communication in traditional optics. Meanwhile, on‐chip integration is an important requirement for quantum technology. To simplify complicated optical systems, the development of miniaturized and integrated devices with a variety of structures, such as optical waveguide, microcavity, photonic crystal, and metasurface, has attracted increasing attention. Herein, on‐chip light–atom interactions affected by these nanostructures from the aspects of recent advancement in their physics and applications are reviewed. In recent years, different nanostructures are used to realize the functions of macro‐optical systems. The structural characteristics, interaction mechanisms, and main achievements in terms of the applications of the corresponding devices are demonstrated and compared. Finally, the research trends and challenges as well as the scope for future work are discussed.

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“…In contrast, Rb and Cs main optical transitions are at 780 and 852 nm, respectively, there are some molecules such as acetylene and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) that have many transitions in the telecom regime and thus can be used as telecom frequency references and telecom wavelength calibration . Acetylene molecules have also been integrated with hollow-core fibers , and waveguides to facilitate portable frequency references. Yet, there is great merit in using alkali vapors for frequency reference applications, primarily due to their high dipole strength, narrow transition lines, and superior accuracy.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atom–Photon Interactions in Atomic Cladded Waveguides: Bridging Atomic and Telecom Technologies

et al. 2021

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Accurate and stable frequency sources can be realized by locking lasers to well-known transitions between energy levels in isolated quantum systems such as alkali atoms. Unfortunately, current implementations of such frequency standards typically involve bulky optical setups and discrete optical components. Furthermore, the common transitions of alkali atoms are in the near-infrared, hindering their use as frequency references in the telecom regime. Our current work is focused on mitigating these deficiencies. In particular, we demonstrate the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of an on-chip telecom frequency reference that is based on a ladder transition of rubidium atoms integrated with nanoscale optical waveguides. These atomic cladded waveguides are implemented in a serpentine geometry in order to optimize the chip area and maximize the interaction of light with the alkali atoms. Following its fabrication, the device is used to stabilize a telecom laser around a 1.5 μm wavelength to a precision better than 200 kHz at ∼250 s. Moreover, in spite of the fact that the natural lifetime of the excited state of the atom corresponding to only a few megahertz line widths, the nanoscale confinement of the optical mode dictates ultrashort interaction times and extreme photonic energy densities allowing us to demonstrate low power and faster (∼200 MHz) all-optical modulation of a near-infrared light with a telecom light. The results presented in this paper push forward the efforts toward fully integrated chip-scale stabilization system and provide an extremely efficient link between atomic based devices and silicon photonics platform in the telecom.

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A Chip‐Scale Optical Frequency Reference for the Telecommunication Band Based on Acetylene

Cited by 12 publications

References 56 publications

Chip-scale atomic wave-meter enabled by machine learning

Chip-scale atomic wave-meter enabled by machine learning

On‐Chip Light–Atom Interactions: Physics and Applications

Atom–Photon Interactions in Atomic Cladded Waveguides: Bridging Atomic and Telecom Technologies

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