A Chlorotoxin‐Directed Diselenide‐Bridged Tumor‐Homing Persistent Luminescence Nanoprobes Mediating Inhibition of Oxidative Phosphorylation for Long‐Term Near‐Infrared Imaging and Therapy of Glioblastoma

Abstract

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most prevailing malignant primary brain tumor, and the precise diagnosis of GBM has always been a challenge. Gboxin is a recently developed drug efficiently inhibiting the oxidative phosphorylation in GBM cells, and both the chlorotoxin (CLTX) and GBM cell membrane coating are capable of GBM targeting and tumor homing. Herein, the near‐infrared (NIR) persistent luminescence (PL) nanoparticle, CUDZG, with a dual function of imaging and therapy is developed based on ZnGa2O4:Cr3+,Sn4+. CUDZG exhibits superior rechargeable NIR PL for at least 48 h with excellent tissue penetration in vivo, which enables the longstanding autofluorescence‐free imaging of the orthotopic GBM. The tumor growth of both the orthotropic and subcutaneous GBM‐bearing mice are significantly suppressed by CUDZG. This is the first‐time report of 1) the integration of CLTX and cell membrane coating for drug delivery, 2) diselenide‐based trigger release for anti‐GBM therapy, and 3) the systemic delivery of Gboxin. This study also offers an example of the highly promising blood‐brain penetrable drug carriers for precise diagnosis and therapy of central nervous system diseases.

An Ultrasmall Cu/Cu2O Nanoparticle-Based Diselenide-Bridged Nanoplatform Mediating Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging and Neuronal Membrane Enhancement for Targeted Therapy of Ischemic Stroke

“…The synthesis method of zein-Se-Se-DHA is based on previous literature with some modifications. 62 In brief, sodium borohydride (20 mmol) and selenium powder (10 mmol) were added to 20 mL of water and stirred in ice bath. Then another part of selenium powder (10 mmol) was added.…”

Advances of NIR Light Responsive Materials for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases

“…ZnGa 2 O 4 as classical host has been reported for persistent NIR fluorescence imaging. [78] For instance, Kong et al prepared ZnGa 2 O 4 :Cr 3+ , Sn 4+ (ZGO) with 695 nm persistent luminescence under UV light irradiation. [79] Then, red blood cell membrane (RBM) and T7 peptide were modified on its surface, which reduced the reticuloendothelial system (RES) endocytosis and increased the abilities of crossing BBB and targeting glioma.…”

Luminescence Nanoprobes for Drug Screening, Pharmaceutical Analysis, and Therapeutic Evaluations

“…[136,137] For example, the fluorescence of some persistent luminescence nanoprobes can last for several minutes to hours, making them valuable for monitoring the tumor size and long-term imaging with significantly improved sensitivity. [138][139][140] Several diagnostic and therapeutic NPs have been developed based on the strong luminescence of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) in combination with multiple treatment methods, which have promising development prospects in cancer therapeutic evaluation. [141,142] In addition to strong luminescence, MNCs have the ability to produce ROS and photothermal effects under excited light, thereby showing PDT capacity.…”