A class V flextensional transducer: the cymbal

Zhang, Jindong; Hughes, W. Jack; Bouchilloux, Philippe; Meyer, Richard J.; Uchino, Kenji; Newnham, R. E.

doi:10.1016/s0041-624x(99)00021-9

Cited by 56 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It has been reported that the FFRF (First Fundamental Resonance Frequency), which is the flextensional resonance frequency, varies between 24 to 32 kHz, depending on the material used to fabricate the end caps. The in-air and underwater characteristics of both individual cymbal elements and cymbal arrays were also extensively reported in [6] and [19].…”

Section: Impedance Modelingmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Narayanan

Schwartz

2008

J Electroceram

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Cymbal and moonie transducers exhibit greatly improved performance characteristics compared to a simple piezoelectric disk. This behavior is mainly due to the amplifying nature of the endcaps employed in these devices. Although these endcaps improve the displacement by amplifying the small lateral displacement associated with the d 31 coefficient to a large axial displacement, this mechanism generates a very high tangential stress in the caps, which leads to a reduction in the efficiency of this transformation. In this paper, we report on a new end cap design, called the wagon wheel flextensional transducer, in which some of the clamping boundary conditions are eased by removing the metal in areas of high stress concentration. In the wagon wheel design, the tangential stresses are further reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the transformation of the lateral to axial displacement, and consequently increasing the displacement response of the devices. Structural and impedance analyses of the devices were carried out using the commercially available software codes, ABAQUS and ATILA, respectively. Results reported for finite element modeling and experimental characterization suggest that these devices exhibit improved displacement characteristics compared to cymbal devices with similar dimensions.

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Section: Impedance Modelingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Previously, standard cymbal devices have been modeled extensively using ANSYS [6] and ATILA [19]. It has been reported that the FFRF (First Fundamental Resonance Frequency), which is the flextensional resonance frequency, varies between 24 to 32 kHz, depending on the material used to fabricate the end caps.…”

Section: Impedance Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Narayanan

Schwartz

2008

J Electroceram

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“…Table 1. The effect of the cymbal geometry Geometry of cymbal transducer defined in (Dogan, 2004 Inspired by the success of the invention of the cymbal transducer based on a novel application of the piezoceramics, researchers proposed subsequent modifications and applications (Zhang et al, 2001;Zhang et al, 1999) increasing even further the displacement of the end-caps (Dong et al, 2002;Sun et al, 2006;Juuti et al, 2005), reducing stresses in the end-caps, and exhibiting a less hysteretic behaviour (Narayaman and Shwartz, 2010). One of the advanced versions of the cymbal transducer is the wagon wheel ( Figure. 2), which was developed from the cymbal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid energy harvesting based on cymbal and wagon wheel inspiration

Ganilova¹,

Awaludin

Dong

2017

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures

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Abstract:The demand for self-sufficient electronic devices is increasing as well as the overall energy use, and such demands are pushing technology forward, especially in effective energy harvesting. A novel hybrid Energy Harvesting System (EHS) has been proposed and analysed in this paper. It has been demonstrated that the EHS is capable of converting enough energy to power a typical MEMS device. This has been achieved through unification of the nine Cymbal Energy Harvester (CEH) array, as an energy harvesting core, and Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) active elements, acting as a source of force stimulated by the environmental changes. A Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed for the CEH, which was verified and used for the analysis of CEHÕs response to the change of the end-cap material. This was followed by the FEM for the EHS used for analysis of the location of SMA wires and force generated by each wire individually and then all together. As a further optimisation of the EHS a novel Wagon Wheel design was explored in terms of its energy harvesting capabilities. As expected, due to the increased displacement, an increase in the power output was achieved.

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“…Flextensional transducers have been in existence for a number of years, primarily being used in underwater and sonar applications since the 1920's [1]. Cymbal transducers are a variation of the flextensional 'moonie' transducer design, and were developed in the early 1990's by Newnham et al at the Pennsylvania State University Materials Research Laboratory [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The end-cap of the transducer is used as a mechanical transformer, to convert high impedance, low displacement radial motion into low impedance, large axial-flexural motion [1]. A cymbal transducer has a high output vibration displacement amplitude and is sensitive to acceleration changes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration characterisation of cymbal transducers for power ultrasonic applications

Feeney

Bejarano

Lucas

2012

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK E-mail: f.bejarano-duran.1@research.gla.ac.uk Abstract. A Class V cymbal flextensional transducer is composed of a piezoceramic disc or ring sandwiched between two cymbal-shaped shell end-caps. These end-caps act as mechanical transformers to convert high impedance, low radial displacement of the piezoceramic into low impedance, large axial motion of the end-cap. The cymbal transducer was developed in the early 1990's at Penn State University, and is an improvement of the moonie transducer which has been in use since the 1980's. Despite the fact that cymbal transducers have been used in many fields, both as sensors and actuators, due to its physical limitations its use has been mainly at low power intensities. It is only very recently that its suitability for high amplitude and high power applications has been studied, and consequently implementation in this area of research remains undeveloped. This paper employs experimental modal analysis (EMA), vibration response measurements and electrical impedance measurements to characterise two variations of the cymbal transducer design, both aimed at incorporation in ultrasonic cutting devices. The transducers are fabricated using the commercial Eccobond 45LV epoxy adhesive as the bonding agent. The first cymbal transducer is of the classic design where the piezoceramic disc is bonded directly to the end-caps. The second cymbal transducer includes a metal ring bonded to the outer edge of the piezoceramic disc. The reason for the inclusion of this metal ring is to improve the mechanical coupling with the end-caps. This would therefore make this design particularly suitable for power ultrasonic applications, reducing the possibility of debonding at the higher ultrasonic amplitudes. The experimental results demonstrate that the second cymbal design is a significant improvement on the more classic design, allowing the transducer to operate at higher voltages and higher amplitudes, exhibiting a linear response over a practical power ultrasonic device driving voltage range. The results also show that the device can be accurately tuned using finite element modelling and that the cymbal exhibits a modal response as predicted by the finite element models.

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A class V flextensional transducer: the cymbal

Cited by 56 publications

References 5 publications

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Design, fabrication and finite element modeling of a new wagon wheel flextensional transducer

Hybrid energy harvesting based on cymbal and wagon wheel inspiration

Vibration characterisation of cymbal transducers for power ultrasonic applications

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