A classically conditionable skeletal response can be acquired with a discriminated punishment contingency

Prokasy, William F.; Clark, Craig G.; Williams, William C.; Spurr, Charles W.

doi:10.3758/bf03334287

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Clark (1974) replicated this result in humans. Second, Prokasy, Clark, Williams, and Spurr (1974) found that humans will acquire a conditioned eyelid reflex even when exposed to a discriminated punishment contingency. These two results, in conjunction with the present data, make law-of-effect interpretations of CR acquisition and maintenance highly untenable for the rabbit and human aversive conditioning preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned response-contingent delays of the unconditioned stimulus in human aversive conditioning.

Prokasy¹,

Clark²,

Williams³

et al. 1975

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

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Four groups of subjects were given either 0, 100, 500, or 1,000 msec delays of the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) contingent upon the occurrence of a conditioned response (CR) and were given a UCS 515 msec after conditioned stimulus (CS) onset when a CR did not occur. A fifth group received standard classical conditioning trials with an interstimulus interval of SIS msec. Overall performance decreased as CR-contingent UCS delay increased, with the classical conditioning group approximating the performance of the group receiving the 100-msec delay. The data were analyzed with the two-phase model of conditioning and the following results were obtained: The duration of Phase 1 of the model increased with contingent delay; operator limits associated with CR trials or with combined CR-CR (CR absent) trials decreased_as a function of delay; and operator limits associated exclusively with CR trials were unaffected by the delay. Subjects receiving a contingent delay of 0 msec gave the shortest latency responses and exhibited reliable latency decreases across trials, suggesting an attempt to "beat" the UCS. The results were interpreted as contrary to what would be expected from law-of-effect theories which postulate that reinforcement results from a CR-UCS interaction, although they could be subsumed under a drive or an associative strength theory in which the aversive, or CR-supportive, strength of the UCS is assumed to be negatively correlated with contingent UCS delay.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioned response-contingent delays of the unconditioned stimulus in human aversive conditioning.

Prokasy¹,

Clark²,

Williams³

et al. 1975

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Conditioned response-contingent delays of the unconditioned stimulus in human aversive conditioning.

Prokasy¹,

Clark²,

Williams³

et al. 1975

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning & Memory

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Acquisition of Skeletal Conditioned Responses in Pavlovian Conditioning

Prokasy

1984

Psychophysiology

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There are four stages in the acquisition of skeletal responses when employing Pavlovian methodology: contingency detection, response selection, response acquisition, and response shaping. A two‐phase output model describes in detail the underlying response likelihood changes across the first three of the stages. Phase 1 of the model applies to the first two stages while Phase 2 applies to stage three. It was shown that Phases 1 and 2 are independent by virtue of the fact that shifts in the parameters of one are not necessarily correlated with changes in the parameters of the other and the fact that independent variable manipulations which affect one Phase do not necessarily influence the other. These results imply that there is no single, continuous underlying associative strength function across trials.

show abstract

A classically conditionable skeletal response can be acquired with a discriminated punishment contingency

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Conditioned response-contingent delays of the unconditioned stimulus in human aversive conditioning.

Conditioned response-contingent delays of the unconditioned stimulus in human aversive conditioning.

Conditioned response-contingent delays of the unconditioned stimulus in human aversive conditioning.

Acquisition of Skeletal Conditioned Responses in Pavlovian Conditioning

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