A climatological study of the sea and land breezes in the Arabian Gulf region

Eager, Rebecca; Raman, Sethu; Wootten, Adrienne; Westphal, Douglas L.; Reid, Jeffrey S.; Mandoos, Abdulla Al

doi:10.1029/2007jd009710

Cited by 82 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Derived from the National Center for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis data [45], it shows the long-term composite anomalies of RH and vector wind speed at surface level in summer and winter. One can observe that anomalies in surface vector wind, over the UAE, in summer ( Coastal cities in the UAE are subject to perennial sea-land breezes (SLBs), with diurnal and seasonal variations [30,46]. The majority of variations occur during summer (June through September).…”

Section: Long-term Visibility Variability and Trend Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two types of SLBs are distinguished in the Arabian Gulf Region, the bay breeze and the ocean breeze [31]. These thermal circulations occur as a result of a weak synoptic force associated with the southwest monsoon [46]. In winter, the strong nocturnal temperature inversion and surface cooling effects, associated with low wind shear and low-level jet formation, weaken and ultimately stop turbulence above ground.…”

Section: Long-term Visibility Variability and Trend Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the Long-Term Variability of Poor Visibility Events in the UAE and the Link with Climate Dynamics

Aldababseh

Temimi

2017

Atmosphere

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Abstract:The goal of this study is to investigate the variability of poor visibility events occurring hourly in the UAE and their relationship to climate dynamics. Hourly visibility observation data spanning more than three decades from ten stations across the country were used. Four intervals of low visibility, between 0.10 km and 5.0 km, were considered. Poor visibility records were analyzed under wet and dry weather conditions. The Mann-Kendall test was used to assess the inferred trends of low visibility records. The relationships between poor visibility measurements and associated meteorological variables and climate oscillations were also investigated. Results show that Fujairah city has the highest average visibility values under wet weather conditions, while Abu Dhabi city has the lowest average visibility values under both wet and dry conditions. Wet weather conditions had a greater impact than dry weather conditions on visibility deterioration in seven out of the ten stations. Results confirm that fog and dust contribute significantly to the deterioration of visibility in the UAE and that Abu Dhabi has been more impacted by those events than Dubai. Furthermore, the numbers of fog and dust events show steep increasing trends for both cities. A change point in poor visibility records triggered by fog and dust events was detected around the year 1999 at Abu Dhabi and Dubai stations after the application of the cumulative sum method. Increasing shifts in the means and the variances were noticed in the total annual fog events when Student's t-test and Levene's test were applied. In Abu Dhabi, the mean annual number of dust events was approximately 112.5 before 1999, increasing to 337 dust events after 1999. In Dubai, the number of dust events increased from around 85.5 to 315.6 events. The inferred fog and dust trends were compared to four climate indices. Results showed a significant correlation (positive and negative) between four climate indices and the occurrence of fog and dust events in the UAE.

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Section: Long-term Visibility Variability and Trend Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Long-term Visibility Variability and Trend Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Long-Term Variability of Poor Visibility Events in the UAE and the Link with Climate Dynamics

Aldababseh

Temimi

2017

Atmosphere

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“…Note that the condition of winds blowing for at least 3 h day -1 effectively filters out short duration wind events, such as sea-land breezes. Such breezes occur during more than 70% of the days in a year in this region and have wind speeds ≥10 m s -1 for less than 3 h day -1 (Eager et al, 2008).…”

Section: Shamal Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shamals and climate variability in the Northern Arabian/Persian Gulf from 1973 to 2012

Senafi

Anis

2015

Intl Journal of Climatology

145

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This paper presents key results from analysis of surface meteorological observations collected in the Northern Arabian/Persian Gulf (N Gulf; Kuwait, Bahrain, and NE Saudi Arabia), which spans a 40-years period . The first part of this study analyzes climate variability in the N Gulf, and relates them to teleconnection patterns (North Atlantic Oscillation, El Nino Southern Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole). Results of the analysis indicate that during the study period the climate in the region experienced a general trend of increase in temperature (0.8 ∘ C), decrease in barometric pressure (1 mbar), reduction in humidity (6%), and decrease in visibility (9%). Significant correlations were found between the three teleconnection patterns and the meteorological conditions suggesting that seasonal variabilities in air temperature, barometric pressure, and precipitation are closely related to the teleconnection patterns. The second part of this study examines the 40-year variability of Shamal events (strong NW winds that commonly generate significant dust storms). The data suggests that on average Shamal events occur at a rate of 10 events year -1 with 85% of the events occurring during the summer and winter. The number of these events has increased in the past 14 years of the study period. These events resulted in abrupt changes in meteorological conditions: an increase in wind speed of 2.7 m s -1 , a decrease in visibility of 1.7 km, and reduction in humidity of 4.3%. Seasonal variations in temperature (an increase in temperature during summer of 0.8 ∘ C, and a decrease of 1.5 ∘ C during winter) and barometric pressure (a decrease in barometric pressure during summer of 0.6 mbar and an increase of 7.8 mbar during winter) were observed during Shamal events.

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“…The Eastmed autumn profile is above 3 km in the range of Europe and less than Uaemi, while below 3 km, Eastmed exceeds Uaemi and of course Europe. At that time and below 3 km, a minimum of O 3 and CO over Uaemi might be related to the impact of sea breezes at the surface (Eager et al, 2008) and OH efficiency. Lawrence and Lelieveld (2010) reported evidence of a broad summertime Middle East O 3 maximum around 400-500 hPa.…”

Section: Middle Eastern and Asian Profilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology of pure tropospheric profiles and column contents of ozone and carbon monoxide using MOZAIC in the mid-northern latitudes (24° N to 50° N) from 1994 to 2009

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The objective of this paper is to deliver the most accurate ozone (O 3 ) and carbon monoxide (CO) climatology for the pure troposphere only, i.e. exclusively from the ground to the dynamical tropopause on an individual profile basis. The results (profiles and columns) are derived solely from the Measurements of OZone and water vapour by in-service AIrbus airCraft programme (MOZAIC) over 15 years (1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). The study, focused on the northern midlatitudes • N] and [119 • W-140 • E], includes more than 40 000 profiles over 11 sites to give a quasi-global zonal picture. Considering all the sites, the pure tropospheric column peak-to-peak seasonal cycle ranges are 23.7-43.2 DU for O 3 and 1.7-6.9 × 10 18 molecules cm −2 for CO. The maxima of the seasonal cycles are not in phase, occurring in February-April for CO and May-July for O 3 . The phase shift is related to the photochemistry and OH removal efficiencies. The purely tropospheric seasonal profiles are characterized by a typical autumn-winter/spring-summer O 3 dichotomy (except in Los Angeles, Eastmed -a cluster of Cairo and Tel Aviv -and the regions impacted by the summer monsoon) and a summer-autumn/winter-spring CO dichotomy. We revisit the boundary-layer, mid-tropospheric (MT) and uppertropospheric (UT) partial columns using a new monthly varying MT ceiling. Interestingly, the seasonal cycle maximum of the UT partial columns is shifted from summer to spring for O 3 and to very early spring for CO. Conversely, the MT maximum is shifted from spring to summer and is associated with a summer (winter) MT thickening (thinning). Lastly, the pure tropospheric seasonal cycles derived from our analysis are consistent with the cycles derived from spaceborne measurements, the correlation coefficients being r = 0.6-0.9 for O 3 and r > 0.9 for CO. The cycles observed from space are nevertheless greater than MOZAIC for O 3 (by 9-18 DU) and smaller for CO (up to 1 × 10 18 molecules cm −2 ). The larger winter O 3 difference between the two data sets suggests probable stratospheric contamination in satellite data due to the tropopause position. The study underlines the importance of rigorously discriminating between the stratospheric and tropospheric reservoirs and avoiding use of a monthly averaged tropopause position without this strict discrimination in order to assess the pure O 3 and CO tropospheric trends.

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A climatological study of the sea and land breezes in the Arabian Gulf region

Cited by 82 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of the Long-Term Variability of Poor Visibility Events in the UAE and the Link with Climate Dynamics

Analysis of the Long-Term Variability of Poor Visibility Events in the UAE and the Link with Climate Dynamics

Shamals and climate variability in the Northern Arabian/Persian Gulf from 1973 to 2012

Climatology of pure tropospheric profiles and column contents of ozone and carbon monoxide using MOZAIC in the mid-northern latitudes (24° N to 50° N) from 1994 to 2009

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