A clinical guide to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcopenia

Kirk, Ben; Miller, Sarah J.; Zanker, Jesse; Duque, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.05.012

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Osteosarcopenia is a musculoskeletal syndrome characterized by low BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) and muscle mass and function (sarcopenia) and is predictive of functional impairments, falls, fractures, and premature mortality in older adults [51]. Despite recent commentary proposing the use of CR to combat age-related muscle and bone loss [52,53], no randomized controlled trial (RCT) has tested the effects of creatine versus PLA (control) in osteosarcopenic adults [54]. Nevertheless, there is potential for CR, with and without RT, to be used as an upstream prevention or downstream treatment strategy for this age-related debilitating syndrome.…”

Section: Potential Of Creatine Supplementation For Osteosarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that adaptions in muscle mass and cortical/trabecular bone may take at least 6 months to be radiographically detected following anabolic stimuli (i.e., RT) in older osteosarcopenic adults [54], CR protocols should at least match or exceed this duration. Finally, as poor nutritional status is a risk factor for osteosarcopenia [52,53,64], the possible interaction of creatine with other essential nutrients capable of modulating muscle and bone metabolism such protein, vitamin D, and calcium [64] should be explored. Providing this information is of clinical relevance as creatine, with or without RT, may be a cost-effective strategy to treat older adults with or at risk of osteosarcopenia.…”

Section: Potential Of Creatine Supplementation For Osteosarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

et al. 2021

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Sarcopenia, defined as age-related reduction in muscle mass, strength, and physical performance, is associated with other age-related health conditions such as osteoporosis, osteosarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical frailty, and cachexia. From a healthy aging perspective, lifestyle interventions that may help overcome characteristics and associated comorbidities of sarcopenia are clinically important. One possible intervention is creatine supplementation (CR). Accumulating research over the past few decades shows that CR, primarily when combined with resistance training (RT), has favourable effects on aging muscle, bone and fat mass, muscle and bone strength, and tasks of physical performance in healthy older adults. However, research is very limited regarding the efficacy of CR in older adults with sarcopenia or osteoporosis and no research exists in older adults with osteosarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical frailty, or cachexia. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is (1) to evaluate and summarize current research involving CR, with and without RT, on properties of muscle and bone in older adults and (2) to provide a rationale and justification for future research involving CR in older adults with osteosarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, physical frailty, or cachexia.

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Section: Potential Of Creatine Supplementation For Osteosarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Potential Of Creatine Supplementation For Osteosarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

et al. 2021

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“…However, sarcopenia is significantly associated with osteoporosis in the elderly population. Several studies have confirmed that sarcopenia and osteoporosis (osteosarcopenia) share common risk factors and biological pathways, and osteosarcopenia is associated with a significant physical disability, representing a significant threat to loss of independence in later life [ 2 , 7 ]. The combination of these two diseases exacerbates negative health outcomes and has been described as a “hazardous duet” adding the propensity of falling from sarcopenia to vulnerability of bones in those with osteoporosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential gene expression profile by RNA sequencing study of elderly osteoporotic hip fracture patients with sarcopenia

Kang

Yoo

Baek

2021

Journal of Orthopaedic Translation

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Background The purpose of this study was to report the RNA sequencing profile according to the presence or absence of sarcopenia in elderly patients with osteoporotic hip fracture. Therefore, an important genetic factor candidate for sarcopenia causing hip fracture in elderly with osteoporosis has been identified. Methods The patient group involved subjects over 65 years who had undergone hip fracture surgery. Among 323 hip fracture (HF) patients identified from May 2017 to December 2019, 162 HF patients (90 non-sarcopenia and 72 sarcopenia groups), excluding subjects with high energy trauma and non-osteoporosis, were finally included in the analysis. For RNA sequencing, each patient with hand grip strength (HGS) values in the top 10% were enrolled in the control group and with the bottom 10% in the patient group. After excluding patients with poor tissue quality, 6 patients and 5 patients were selected for sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively. For qPCR validation, each patient with HGS values in the top 20% and bottom 20% was enrolled in the control and patient groups, respectively. After excluding patients with poor tissue quality, 12 patients and 12 patients were enrolled in the sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, respectively. Sarcopenia was deﬁned according to the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria for low muscle strength (hand grip strength below 18 kg in women and 28 kg in men) and low muscle mass (SMI below 5.4 kg/m 2 in women and 7.0 kg/m 2 in men). The libraries were prepared for 100 bp paired-end sequencing using TruSeq Stranded mRNA Sample Preparation Kit (Illumina, CA, USA). The gene expression counts were supplied to Deseq2 to extract possible gene sets as differentially expressed genes (DEG) that discriminate between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups that were carefully assigned by clinical observation. For the classification of the candidate genes from DEG analysis, we used the public databases; gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Quantitative real-time PCR was performed for validation. Results Samples collected were subjected to RNAseq using the Illumina platform. A total of 11 samples from both sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups were sequenced. Fifteen genes (RUNX 1, NGFR, CH3L1, BCL3, PLA2G2A, MYBPH, TEP1, SEMA6B, CSPG4, ACSL5, SLC25A3, NDUFB5, CYC1, ACAT1, and TCAP) were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEG) in both the groups. In the qPCR results, the expression levels of SLC25A3 and TCAP gene in the OS group were significantly lower than in the non-OS groups whereas an increase in RUNX1 mRNA level was observed in the OS samples ( p < 0.05). Conclusions In summary, this study detected gene expression difference according to the p...

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“…Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, gonadal sex hormones, vitamin D and myostatin have all been associated with a delay in the onset of osteosarcopenia [111]. Though postulated to be novel therapeutic targets for drug development, currently no pharmacological treatments exist for osteosarcopenia [112].…”

Section: Treatments For Osteosarcopeniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people

et al. 2021

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Osteoporosis, a common chronic metabolic bone disease is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. As the prevalence of osteoporosis increases with age, a paralleled elevation in the rate of incident fragility fractures will be observed. This narrative review explores the origins of bone and considers physiological mechanisms involved in bone homeostasis relevant to management and treatment. Secondary causes of osteoporosis, as well as osteosarcopenia are discussed followed by an overview of the commonly used pharmacological treatments for osteoporosis in older people.

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A clinical guide to the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of osteosarcopenia

Cited by 49 publications

References 63 publications

Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

Current Evidence and Possible Future Applications of Creatine Supplementation for Older Adults

Differential gene expression profile by RNA sequencing study of elderly osteoporotic hip fracture patients with sarcopenia

Pathophysiology and treatment of osteoporosis: challenges for clinical practice in older people

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